Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwBZ

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: WORLD & BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³- ň‡_¨i Av`vb-cÖ`vb, msiøY I e¨e¯ vcbvq Rxe‡bi cÖwňwU †ø‡ǔ Ggb GK AmvaviY my‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Q hvi Abycw¯ wň‡ň ¯^v”Q›`¨gq AvaywbK Rxeb wPšÍvB Kiv hvq bv| e¨w³ Rxe‡bi DrKl© mvab, Rvňxq Rxe‡bi Dbœwň I cÖMwň Ges we‡k¦i Rvwňmg~‡ni cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMňv I mngwg©ňvi eÜ‡b Ave× GK Awǔbœ cwiev‡ii †mvbvwj ¯^cœ †`wL‡q‡Q ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| ň_¨ I

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ we‡k¦i Ávb I ň_¨ǔvÐv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki Amxg m¤¢vebvi `iRv Ly‡j w`‡q‡Q| •`bw›`b Rxe‡b,

†hvMv‡hv‡M, A_©‣bwňK Kg©Kv‡Ð, †gavPP©v I m„Rbkxjňvi weKvk, we‡bv`b Bň¨vw` mKj †ø‡ǔ ň_¨ I

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi Dǎ‡ivǎi e„w× cv‡”Q| eň©gv‡b GwU gvbm¤úbœ Kg©m¤úv`‡bi GK kw³kvjx nvwňqvi wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wň AR©b K‡i‡Q|

G Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l wkBv_x©iv

· wek¦MÖv‡g aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· wek¦MÖvg aviYv mswkóø

cÖavb Dcv`vb¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· wek¦MÖvg cÖwňôvq ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi aviYv we‡kølY Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· cÖvň¨wnK Rxe‡b ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi cÖǔve g~j¨vqb Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhwy ³i mv¤úywňK cÖeYňv we‡klø Y Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

·
ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨env‡i •bwňKňv eRvq ivLvi ¸iæň¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· mgvR Rxe‡b ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖǔve g~j¨vqb Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· A_©‣bwňK Dbœq‡b ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i ǔ~wgKv we‡kølY Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

· g~j¨‡eva eRvq †i‡L ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i DØy× n‡e|

1.1 wek¦MÖv‡gi aviYv (Concept of Global Village)

†Kv‡bv Abyôvb ev †Kv‡bv NUbv NU‡j mevB gyn~‡ň©i g‡a¨ Rvb‡ň cv‡i| wVK †ňgbB ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ ň_v B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii d‡j AvR mgMÖ c„w_ex MÖv‡gi g‡ňv †QvU n‡q Avm‡Q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Avgiv Lye mn‡R ň_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡ň cvwi| †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q cÖPzi ň_¨ msMÖn Ki‡ň cvwi, Ávb Ges AwǔÁňv wewbgq Ki‡ň cvwi| c„w_exi

†Kv_vq wK NU‡Q wK wel‡q †K M‡elYv Ki‡Qb ňv Avgiv Rvb‡ň cvwi| weÁvb I cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡bi d‡j c„w_exi wewǔbœ

†`‡ki ga¨Kvi `~iň¡ A‡bK K‡g‡Q| Avgiv †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki

gvby‡li mv‡_ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡ň cvwi| GRb¨ ejv hvq †h, c„w_ex †QvU n‡q Avm‡Q| GwU Avgv‡`i e¨emvq Dbœwň Ges cvi¯úvwiK m¤ú‡K©i Dbœwň NUvq| GwU cÖvq Am¤¢e wQj †h, evsjv‡`k †_‡K Av‡gwiKvq emevmKvwi Avň¥x‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iøv Kiv, wKš‧ GLb ïay K_v bq, hvi mv‡_ K_v ejv n‡”Q ňvi mPj wPǔI †`Lv hvq| Avgiv AvMÖnx n‡j c„w_exi wewǔbœ †`‡ki †jvK‡`i mv‡_ eÜzň¡ M‡o ňzj‡ň cvwi|

1.1.1 †hvMv‡hvM (Communication)

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi †hvMv‡hvM †ø‡ǔ Aǔvebxq cwieň©b mvab K‡i‡Q| eň©gv‡b †hvMv‡hv‡Mi me‡P‡q mnR gva¨g¸‡jv n‡jv †gvevBj †dvb, B-†gBj, †Uwj Kbdv‡iwÝs, wǔwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs, †iwWI,

†Uwjwǔkb Bň¨vw`| Av‡M gvby‡li †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖavb gva¨g wQj wPwV/cǔ| WvK weǔv‡Mi Dci Avgv‡`i wbǔ©i Ki‡ň n‡ňv| ňLb GKwU wPwV †cu․Q‡ň †`‡ki Aǔ¨šÍ‡i 3 †_‡K 4 w`b Ges †`‡ki evB‡i wPwV cvVv‡bvi †ø‡ǔ 7 †_‡K 10 w`b ev ňvi †P‡qI †ewkw`b jvM‡ňv| we‡`‡k wPwV cvVv‡bvi mgq wbǔ©i Kiň AvšÍR©vwňK d¬vBU wmwWD‡ji Dci| wKš‧ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j KvMR, Kjg e¨envi K‡i wPwV †jLv A‡b‡KB ǔy‡j †M‡Q| WvK weǔvM A‡bKUv Ajmǔv‡eB mgq KvUv‡”Q| GLb ň_¨ Av`vb- cÖ`v‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüň n‡”Q B-†gBj| B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g Avgiv Lye mn‡R Aí Li‡P Awň `yæň

†h †Kv‡bv msev` GK¯ vb †_‡K Ab¨¯ v‡b †cÖiY Ki‡ň cvwi| G‡ø‡ǔ †`k ev we‡`‡k Dǔq †ø‡ǔB mgvb mgq jv‡M| A‡cøv Ki‡ň nq bv †Kv‡bv d¬vBU wmwWD‡ji| G‡ø‡ǔ mgq Ges LiP euv‡P Ges c×wň Aň¨šÍ mnR, Gi Rb¨ `iKvi ïay GKwU B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks ňvQvov †gvevBj †UK‡bvjwRi d‡j Avgiv Lye mn‡R, Aí Li‡P mivmwi Kv‡iv mv‡_ K_v ej‡ň cvwi| wǔwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv hvi mv‡_ K_v ewj ňv‡K mivmwi †`L‡ňI cvwi| ňvQvov †iwWI ev

†Uwjwǔk‡bi gva¨‡g †h‡Kv‡bv msev` mn‡R †`k Ges we‡k¦i mKj gvby‡li wbKU †cu․‡Q †`qv hvq| ňvQvovI

†hvMv‡hvM †ø‡ǔ AvBwmwUi GKwU eo e¨envi n‡jv wewǔbœ hvbevnb †hgb-†ij, wegvb Bň¨vw`i wU‡KU

1.1.2 Kg©ms¯’vb (Employment)

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j †`k Ges we‡`‡k Kg©ms¯ v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Avgiv †`‡k Ges †`‡ki evB‡i

†Kv_vq †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡Ri Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ň cvwi Ges †m Abyhvqx wb‡R‡K `ø K‡i ňzj‡ň cvwi| eň©gv‡b cÖvq mKj Awdm-Av`vj‡ň ň_¨ I

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv kyiæ n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j G wd‡ìi `ø †jv‡Ki †hgb- †cÖvMÖvgvi, wm‡÷g BwÄwbqvi, WvUv Gw›Uy Acv‡iUi, nvW©Iq¨vi BwÄwbqvi, GWwgwb‡÷yUi Bň¨vw` cÖ‡qvRb Ges G‡`i mv‡_ Av‡iv A‡bK mv‡cvwU©s

÷vd cÖ‡qvRb| Gi d‡j AmsL¨ †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯ vb n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖ‡ň¨K BDwbqb cwil‡` ň_¨ I

†mev‡K›`y Pvjy n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j A‡bK †eKvi hyeK/hyeňxi Avň¥Kg©ms¯ v‡bi my‡hvM n‡q‡Q| †`wk-

wPǔ: AvBwmwU Kg©ms¯ v‡bi m„wó K‡i‡Q|

we‡`wk wewǔbœ cÖwňôv‡bi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx `ø/cÖwkøY cÖvß Kg©x •ňwi Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK †Uywbs

¯‥zj/†m›Uvi M‡o D‡V‡Q-hv‡ň Kg©ms¯ v‡bi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wkwøň †eKv‡ii msL¨v D‡jøL Kivi g‡ňv| wKš‧ ňv‡`i GKUz hy‡hvc‡hvMx cÖwkøY w`‡j AvDU‡mvwm©s Gi gva¨‡g G‡`i †eKviň¡ NyPv‡bv m¤¢e| AvDU †mvwm©s n‡jv †`‡k e‡m AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g Ab¨‡`‡ki K¬v‡q›U‡`i KvR Kwi‡q w`‡q •e‡`wkK A_© DcvR©b Kiv| KvRMy‡jvi g‡a¨ Kw¤úDUvi ev †gvevBj A¨vwcø‡Kkb •ňwi, I‡qe wWRvBb Kiv, B‡gR GwWU‡ii KvR| hviv GKv‡R Rwoň ňv‡`i‡K wd«j¨vÝvi ev gy³ e¨emvqx ejv nq|

1.1.3 wkBv (Education)

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkøv we¯Ív‡i GKwU kw³kvjx Uzjm| digvj Ges bb-digvj Dǔq c×wň‡ňB GwU Aň¨šÍ Kvh©Ki| †h †Kv‡bv mgq Ges †h †Kv‡bv ¯ v‡b wkøvi e¨e¯ v Kiv n‡q‡Q AvBwmwUi e‡`․j‡ň|

†Kv‡bv wkøv_©x w`‡bi †h †Kv‡bv mgq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wkøv MÖnY Ki‡ň cv‡i| mKj †Kvm© msµvšÍ ň_¨ B›Uvi‡b‡U cvIqv hvq| ňvQvovI †iwWI Ges †Uwjwǔk‡bi gva¨‡g

†jKPvi eyWKvw÷s Kiv nq| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wkøK Ges wkøv_©xiv cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †Kvm© m¤úK©xq Dcvǎ Ges ň_¨

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks †c‡q _v‡K| myňivs Dǔ‡qi Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q M‡elYv mnR nq| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i `~iwkø‡Yi gva¨‡g wkøv we¯Ívi Ki‡Q| AvBwmwU e¨env‡ii d‡j †`‡ki wkøvwe` ev G wel‡q bxwň wba©vi‡Y e¨w³MY wewǔbœ †`‡ki wkøv e¨e¯ v †kywY, eqm Abyhvqx cvV¨µg, wewǔbœ †`‡k

cwiPvwjň M‡elYv wi‡cvU© ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wkøvµg •ňwi Ki‡ň cv‡ib| †kywYK‡ø ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi K‡i wkøv_©x‡`i K¬vmgyLx Kiv hvq| MňvbyMwňK †jLvcovi c×wňi GKUz cwieň©b K‡i wWwRUvj wWǔvBm e¨envi K‡i wkøv‡K Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq Kiv n‡”Q| K¬v‡mi cv‡Vi

mv‡_ msMwňc~Y© wewǔbœ wPǔ, AwWI, wǔwWI e¨envi Ges Qvǔ-Qvǔx‡`i AskMÖnYg~jK K¬v‡mi gva¨‡g cv‡Vi welq‡K wkøv_©x‡`i mvg‡b Av‡iv mnR, †evaMg¨ K‡i †ňvjv nq| Gi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi Ges cÖ‡R±i e¨envi Kiv nq| wkøKiv ňv‡`i mswkøó wel‡qi Avc‡WU wiPvm©/ M‡elYv m¤ú‡K© B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ň_¨ msMÖn Ki‡ň cv‡i| †Kv‡bv wel‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ Avi jvB‡eywii g‡a¨ e‡m _vK‡ň nq bv| kyay B›Uvi‡b‡U cÖ‡ek K‡i D‡jøwLň/ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq wj‡L mvP© w`‡jB †ei n‡q Av‡m kň kň cÖeÜ iPbv ev wewǔbœ Qwe| wbw`©ó wel‡qi Dci AwWI Ges wǔwWI cvIqv hvq| hv e¨envi K‡i wkøKiv wWwRUvj

Kb‡U›U •ňwi Ki‡ň cv‡i|

wkøKiv wbw`©ó wel‡qi Dci †jKPvi/ cÖeÜ/ AwWI/ wǔwWI wbw`©ó I‡qe mvB‡U Avc‡jvW K‡i ivL‡ň cv‡i, wkøv_©xiv K¬v‡m bv wM‡qI H †jKPvi WvDb‡jvW Ki‡ň cv‡i| eň©gv‡b wKQz cixøvI AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g †bqv nq| cixøvi Lvňv g~j¨vq‡bI ň_¨ I cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv nq, •be©¨wǎK cixøvi Dǎi cǔ g~j¨vqb Ges iPbvg~jK As‡ki b¤^i wgjKiY, wewǔbœ wel‡qi †MÖwWs Kiv Ges wRwcG wbY©q Kiv Bň¨vw` mKj KvRB cÖhyw³ wbǔ©i ¯^qwµqǔv‡e cÖ¯‧ň Kiv nq| eň©gv‡b wewǔbœ cvewjK cixøvi djvdjI B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g we‡k¦i eo eo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i w_wmm †ccvi •ňwi Kiv hvq| we‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †iwR‡÷ykb K‡i Ggwdj/ wcGBPwW wWwMÖ AR©b Kiv hvq|

1.1.4 wPwKrmv (Treatment)

eň©gv‡b wPwKrmv weÁv‡b ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi D‡jøL Kivi g‡ňv| wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi wewǔbœ M‡elYv hv ň_¨ I cÖhyw³wbǔ©i ňv AvR gvbyl‡K G‡b

w`‡q‡Q `xN© Ges my›`i Rxeb| AvBwmwU e¨env‡ii d‡j G·‡i, AvjUyvmvDÛ, Gg Avi AvB (MRI) cÖǔ„wň cÖhyw³i mydj Avgiv †c‡q _vwK| bňzb Jla Avwe®‥vi Ges Jla Gi Dbœqb mva‡bi Rb¨ ň_¨ I cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q wkky gvň…M‡ǔ© _vKv Ae¯ vq ǔæwU wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e Ges cÖhyw³ I Jla Øviv H mKj ǔæwU ms‡kvab Kiv m¤¢e| ǔvP©yqvj wiqvwjwUi e¨envi K‡i gvbwmK †ivMx‡`i wPwKrmv †`qv n‡”Q| AvRKvj †Uwj‡dvb Gi gva¨‡gI RbMY wPwKrmv

†mev †c‡q _v‡K| nvmcvňv‡j †ivMx‡`i cvj&m, ňvcgvǔv,

k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, i³Pvc Bň¨vw` ch©‡eø‡Y, †ivMxi kixi ¯‥¨vb,

wPǔ: wPwKrmv †¶‡ǔ AvBwmwU

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks Ges †ivMx‡`i †iKW© msiø‡Y ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv nq| g~jK_v wPwKrmv †ø‡ǔ wPwKrmv hš¿cvwň, †ivMxi †iKW©, I‡qe †emW mv‡cvU©, †hvMv‡hvM I M‡elYvq AvBwmwU e¨eüň nq| wǔwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi †ivMxiv kn‡ii eo eo nvmcvňv‡ji Wv³vi‡`i civgk© †c‡ň cv‡i| AvBwmwU e¨envi K‡i †`‡ki evB‡i Wv³vi‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM m¤¢e| A_©vr Wv³vi Ges †ivMx `yB ¯ v‡b

†_‡K civgk© Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e| ňvQvov G·cvU© wm‡÷g e¨envi K‡iI Avgiv wPwKrmv msµvšÍ civgk©

†c‡q _vwK|

1.1.5 M‡elYv (Research)

M‡elYv Kv‡R ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi Acwimxg| c~‡e© †`Lv †hň, GKB wel‡qi Dci GKvwaK weÁvbx M‡elYv Ki‡Qb| GKRb Ab¨ R‡bi Lei Rvb‡ňb bv A_ev †Kv‡bv weÁvbx ňuvi M‡elYv Kvh© Amgvß †i‡L g„ňz¨eiY K‡i‡Qb| G‡ø‡ǔ wňwb ňuvi M‡elYvi AMÖMwň, djvdj Ab¨‡K Rvbv‡ň cvi‡ňb bv| wňwb †Kv‡bv †iKW© ivL‡ň cvi‡ňb bv A_ev ňuvi ǔwel¨r cwiKíbv †KD Rvb‡ňv bv| G Ae¯ vq H AvswkK M‡elYv †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Avm‡ňv bv| H GKB wel‡q Ab¨Rb‡K Avevi cÖ_g

†_‡K KvR kyiæ Ki‡ň n‡ňv| Gǔv‡e nq‡ňv w`‡bi ci w`b Pj‡ň _vK‡ňv| wKš‧ eň©gvb GB ň_¨ I

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j weÁvbxiv ňv‡`i wPšÍvaviv B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡ň cv‡i| c„w_exi

†Kv‡bv GK cÖv‡šÍ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó wel‡q M‡elYv kyiæ Ki‡j B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ mevB AeMň nq| M‡elYvi cÖwňwU av‡ci djvdj mK‡ji wbKU B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡ň cv‡i| Gi d‡j GKR‡bi M‡elYvi djvdj Kv‡R jvwM‡q Ab¨Rb M‡elYv Pvwj‡q †h‡ň cv‡i| d‡j Avevi cÖ_g

†_‡K kyiæ Ki‡ň nq bv|

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j M‡elYvq cÖvß Dcvǎ h_vh_ǔv‡e msiøY Kiv m¤¢e Ges DcvǎMy‡jv‡K cÖwµqvKi‡Yi mgq m~² MvwYwňK wnmve-wbKvm Kivi Rb¨ Ges hyw³g~jK wm×všÍ †bqvi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi/AvBwmwU e¨envi Kiv nq| cÖvYxi wWGbG ň_v Rxb wb‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ AvBwmwU e¨envi Kiv nq| gvbe †`‡ni wewǔbœ M‡elYvq wǔgvwǔK Gwb‡gkb e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| hy×‡øǔ Ges hy× miÄvg wb‡q M‡elYvq wǔgvwǔK wPǔ e¨envi K‡i wewǔbœǔv‡e ch©‡eøY Kiv hvq| wewǔbœ cÖKvi wec`¾bK c`v_© •ňwi‡ň hv e¨env‡ii c~‡e© cixøv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †mLv‡b ǔvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi K‡i cixøv Kiv hvq, mwVK cwigvc Ges m~² wnmve M‡elYvq mwVK djvdj †c‡ň mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avi G `ywUB wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e kyaygvǔ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g|

1.1.6 Awdm (Office)

Awdm-Av`vjň A‡bKUvB GLb ň_¨ Ges †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³-mg„×| Awdm ej‡ň GLb Avi K‡øi

†ewkiǔvM Ask Ry‡o ¯Í~c Kiv ¸Qv‡bv ev A¸Qv‡bv KvMR dvBj, †iwR÷vi-Gi Dci ajvevwj c‡o Av‡Q Ggb GKwU cwiwPň `„k¨

†Pv‡L c‡o bv| †Uwe‡ji Dci GKwU Kw¤úDUvi, wcÖ›Uvi Bň¨vw` cÖhyw³i me

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks hš¿cvwň cÖvq mKj Awd‡mB i‡q‡Q| `yæňMwňi

wPǔ: mvaviY Awd‡mi wPǔ|

wPǔ: AvBwmwU mg„× Awdm|

B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM e¨e¯ v Awd‡mi mKj ai‡bi ň_¨, wi‡cvU© Bň¨vw` mewKQzB GLb Kw¤úDUv‡i

Kg©Pvwi‡`i †eňb B‡jKUywbK Dcv‡q Kg©Pvwi‡`i wbR wbR e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv n‡q hvq| GLb Avi wcqb‡K Awd‡mi wewǔbœ iæ‡g wewǔbœ †bvwUm wb‡q QzUv QzwU Ki‡ň †`Lv hvq bv, KviY GLb B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g mK‡ji wbKU GK‡hv‡M †h‡Kv‡bv †bvwUm ev msev` gyn~‡ň©i g‡a¨ †cu․‡Q hvq| eň©gv‡b Awd‡m KvM‡Ri e¨envi †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Awd‡mi bňzb Kg©Pvwi‡`i cÖwkø‡YI e¨envi Kiv nq AvBwmwU| my›`i cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkø‡Yi KvRwU m¤úbœ Kiv nq| †hLv‡b B-†gB‡j msev` cvVv‡bv hvq bv †mLv‡b †gvevBj †dvb †ňv Av‡QB| ňvQvov cÖ‡ň¨K Awd‡miB i‡q‡Q wbR¯^ I‡qe mvBU| Gi gva¨‡g RbMY B”Qv Ki‡jB †h‡Kv‡bv mgq H Awd‡mi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© me©‡kl msev` Rvb‡ň cv‡i| eň©gv‡b wewǔbœ Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri `icǔI Avnevb Kiv nq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g| RgvI †bqv nq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g| Gi d‡j Awd‡m cvewjK †M`vwis †bB ej‡jB P‡j|

1.1.7 evm¯’vb (Residence)

Description: Picture1.png ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi Avgv‡`i evm¯ vb‡K K‡i ňz‡j‡Q AwaKňi wbivc`| Avgiv Avgv‡`i evm¯ v‡bi evB‡ii w`‡K wmwm

(†K¬vR mvwK©U) K¨v‡giv Øviv wbqš¿Y Ki‡ň cvwi| Gi d‡j Awbw`©ó e¨w³ ev Ab¨ wKQzi Mwň-wewa gwbUwis Kiv hvq| Ggb wK cÖ‡qvR‡b †iKwW©s Kiv hvq| ciewň©‡ň †Kv‡bv AcÖxwňKi NUbv NU‡j

†iKW©K…ň ň_¨ †_‡K Acivax mbv³ Kiv ev wm×všÍ †bqv hvq| wewǔbœ B‡j±ywbK h‡š¿i g‡a¨ †mÝi e¨env‡ii d‡j G¸‡jv

cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡ň cv‡i| †hgb- N‡i _vKv Ae¯ vq jvBU, d¨vb, Gwm Bň¨vw` Pvjy

_v‡K Ges †KD bv _vK‡j G¸‡jv eÜ n‡q hvq| ňvQvov Avgv‡`i N‡ii `iRvq wewǔbœ ai‡bi †mÝi I ev‡qv‡gwUy· wWǔvBm e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

1.1.8 e¨emv-evwYR¨ (Business)

Description: Picture2.png eň©gvb hyM ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i hyM| mKj †ø‡ǔB ň_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨eüň n‡”Q| e¨emv- evwY‡R¨I AvBwmwUi e¨envi Acwimxg|

AvBwmwU e¨env‡ii d‡j e¨emv-evwYR¨ GLb kyay wbw`©ó †`vKvb ev e¨emv †K‡›`yi g‡a¨ mxgve× bq| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Qwo‡q co‡Q mviv we‡k¦| B›Uvi‡bU ev Kw¤úDUvi

†bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g B‡jKUywbK c×wň‡ň

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mev µq-weµ‡qi KvR‡KB e‡j B-Kgvm©| B‡jKUywbK dvÛ UyvÝdvi, mvcvø B †PBb g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g, B›Uvi‡bU gv‡K©wUs, AbjvBb Uyvb‡RKkb cÖ‡mwms,

wm‡÷gmg~‡ni D™¢veb Ges e¨vcK cÖPj‡bi d‡j `yæň B-Kgv‡m©i cÖmvi NU‡Q| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j cY¨ †ePv-†Kbv Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv ¯ vb iBj bv| GLb mviv c„w_exe¨vcx evRvi •ňwi n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv cY¨ µq Kivi Rb¨ ¯^-kix‡i †Kv_vI †h‡ň nq bv| N‡i e‡mB wewǔbœ

†Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ †`L‡ň ev wewǔbœ •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ň cviv hvq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g| GKB Rvňxq wewǔbœ †Kv¤úvwbi c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ ňzjbv Ki‡ň cviv hvq| cY¨ cQ›` n‡j B›Uvi‡bU e¨vswKs ev wewǔbœ cÖKvi Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g UvKv/g~j¨ cwi‡kva Kiv hvq Ges N‡i e‡mB cY¨ †Wwjǔvwi cvIqv hvq| ň_¨ I

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Qvov e¨vsK, wegv, †µwWU †Kv¤úvwb, cwienb Bň¨vw` mKj Kg©KvÐB APj| e¨emv- evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ `yæň msev` Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ges †hvMv‡hvM †Uwj‡dvb, d¨v·, †Uwjwǔkb, †UwjwcÖ›Uvi, Kw¤úDUvi ey‡jwUb †evW©, B‡jKUywbK †gBj, I‡qe mvBU Ges B›Uvi‡bU evwYwR¨K †hvMv‡hvM Bň¨vw` n‡jv †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³-wbǔ©i gva¨g| AvRKvj K…wl gv‡K©‡UI Pvjy n‡q‡Q Gi d‡j B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g N‡i e‡m wewǔbœ K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi`i Rvbv hvq Ges K…wlcY¨ µq-weµq Kiv hvq|

1.1.9 msev` (News)

AvRKvj ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mvnvh¨ Qvov msev` gva¨g Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| Av‡M msev` gva¨g ej‡ň KvM‡R Qvcv‡bv cwǔKv‡KB eySvň| ňvQvovI wQj mxwgň cwim‡i ivóyxq †iwWI Ges †Uwjwǔkb e¨e¯ v| Aňx‡ň †`‡ki GK cÖv‡šÍ †Kv‡bv NUbv ev `N©Ubv NU‡j ňv Rvb‡ň 2/3 w`b mgq jvMň| Gi d‡j A‡bK ň‡_¨ weK…wň NUň ev nvwi‡q †hň| c~‡e© †`‡ki GK cÖv‡šÍ cwǔKv Qvcv‡bv nň, †mwU

†`‡ki Aci cÖv‡šÍ †h‡ň mvivw`b †j‡M †hň| KL‡bv KL‡bv c‡ii w`b cwǔKvq †cu․Qvň| hw`I mvaviYǔv‡e Avgiv mKv‡j bv¯vÍ i †Uwe‡j cwǔKv Avkv Kwi| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨en‡i d‡j Awň `yæň Avgiv cÖwňw`‡bi msev`cǔ †c‡q _vwK| KviY GLb †`‡ki wewǔbœ ¯ vb †_‡K GK‡hv‡M msev`cǔ Qvcv‡bv nq| eň©gv‡b †Kv‡bv NUbv NUvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgiv Rvb‡ň cvwi| KviY msev` Kg©xiv †Uwj‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g ňv †K›`yxq Awd‡m †cu․‡Q w`‡ň cv‡i Ges †K›`yxq Awdm ňv eyWKv÷ Ki‡ň cv‡i| ňvQvov wǔwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs- Gi gva¨‡gI msev` Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡ň cv‡i| †`‡ki †Kv_vI

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks †Kv‡bv NUbv NU‡j ňvi msev` Ges wǔwWI dz‡UR B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Awd‡m †cu․‡Q w`‡ň cv‡i| d‡j Avgiv N‡i e‡m †Kv‡bv NUbv NUvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Rvb‡ň cvwi Ges cÖvmw½K wǔwWI dz‡UR †`L‡ň cvwi| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Dbœwňi d‡j AvR Avgiv mn‡RB B›Uvi‡bU, †iwWI, †Uwjwǔkb, m¨v‡UjvBU Bň¨vw`i gva¨‡g msev` †c‡q _vwK| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq msev`, ň_¨ Ges M‡elYv, djvdj †c‡q _vwK Ges wb‡Ri B”Qv, wPšÍvaviv, †Kv‡bv M‡elYvi djvdj Avc‡jvW Ki‡ň cvwi| ňvQvovI eň©gv‡b wewǔbœ msev` mivmwi NUbv¯ j †_‡K cÖPvi Ki‡Q| d‡j mvaviY RbM‡Yi wbKU msev‡`i ¸iæň¡ Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ňv A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv Lei m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n n‡j B›Uvi‡bU ev †Uwj‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv †Kv‡qwi K‡i wbwðň n‡ň cvwi|

1.1.10 we‡bv`b I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

Entertainment and Social Communication

eň©gvb hy‡M we‡bv`‡bi wewǔbœ †ø‡ǔ Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüň n‡”Q hv ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖwňwbwaň¡ K‡i| †QvU-eo mK‡jB Kw¤úDUv‡i †Mg †Lj‡ň Ges

A¨vW‡ǔÂvi Dc‡ǔvM Ki‡ň cQ›` K‡i| ňvQvovI B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g AbjvBb †Mg †Lj‡ň cv‡i| wewǔbœ

†`‡ki wewǔbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi †jv‡Ki mv‡_ M‡íi Avmi Kiv hvq| ňvQvov c„w_exi weL¨vň wm‡bgv, Mí, Dcb¨vm WKz‡g›Uvwi Bň¨vw` AbjvB‡b †`qv _v‡K| †h †KD B”Qv Ki‡j †h †Kv‡bv mgq ňv Dc‡ǔvM Ki‡ň cv‡i| wewǔbœ ai‡bi gvwëwgwWqv Uzjm e¨envi K‡i kã Qwe Gwb‡gkb

Bň¨vw` e¨envi K‡i ¯^‡cœi ǔyeb •ňwi Kiv hvq|

†hgb: †m․iRMr, mvM‡ii ňj‡`k Bň¨vw`| mvgvwRK

wPǔ: we‡bv`‡b AvBwmwU|

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ø‡ǔ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ ň_v B›Uvi‡bU me‡P‡q kw³kvjx ǔ~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

wb‡P K‡qKwU mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM Gi †B‡Î eûj e¨eüZ I‡qe mvB‡Ui eY©bv †`qv n‡jv-

†dmeyK (Facebook):

wek-¦ mvgvwRK AvšÍt†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯ vi GKwU I‡qe mvBU, hv 4Vv †deyæqvwi 2004 mv‡j cÖwňwôň nq|

†Kv‡bv iKg LiP Qvov G‡ň m`m¨ nIqv hvq| gvK© †RvKvi evM© (Mark Zuckerberg) †dmey‡Ki cÖwňôvňv Ges wbe©vnx cwiPvjK| e¨enviKvixMY eÜz ms‡hvRb, evň©v †cÖiY, Ges ňv‡`i e¨w³Mň ň_¨vewj nvjbvMv` Ki‡ň Ges ň_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡ň cv‡i| I‡qe mvBUwUi m`m¨ cÖv_wgKǔv‡e nvǔ©vW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvǔQvǔx‡`i g‡a¨ mxgve× wQj| c‡i GUv mKj wek¦we`¨vjq, K‡jR, nvB¯‥zj Ges 13 eQ‡ii mK‡ji Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv nq| mviv we‡k¦ eň©gv‡b cÖvq 1000 wgwjqb Kvh©Kix m`m¨ i‡q‡Q GB I‡qe mvBUwUi| †dmeyK‡K ňvi

Pjvi c‡_ †ek wKQz evavi m¤§yLxb n‡ň n‡q‡Q| wmwiqv, Pxb, Ges

Bivbmn †ek K‡qKwU †`‡k GwU AvswkK Kvh©Ki Av‡Q| GUvi e¨envi mg‡qi AcPq e¨vL¨v w`‡q Kg©Pvix‡`i wbiærmvwnň K‡i ňv wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| UzBUvi (Twitter):

wPǔ: gvK© †RvKvi evM©|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks mvgvwRK AvšÍt†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯ v I gvB‡µveøwMs‡qi GKwU I‡qe mvBU| GLv‡b e¨enviKvwiiv m‡e©v”P 140 Aø‡ii evň©v Av`vb-cÖ`vb I cÖKvk Ki‡ň cv‡ib| GB evň©v‡K UzBU ejv nq| UzBUvi m`m¨‡`i UzBU evň©v¸‡jv ňv‡`i †cÖvdvBj cvňvq †`Lv hvq| UzBUv‡ii m`m¨iv Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i UzBUwU covi Rb¨ wbeÜb Ki‡ň cv‡ib| UzBU wjLvi Rb¨ m`m¨iv mivmwi UzBUvi I‡qe mvBU e¨envi Ki‡ň cv‡i| ňvQvovI †gvevBj †dvb ev GmGgGm Gi gva¨‡gI UzBU †jLvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| UzBUv‡ii cÖavb Kvh©vjq gvwK©b hy³iv‡óyi mvb d«vwÝ‡¯‥v kn‡i| ňvQvov †U·v‡mi mvb G‡›UwbI Ges g¨vmvPy‡mi ey÷‡b UzBUvi mvǔ©vi I kvLv Kvh©vjq Av‡Q| 2006 mv‡j UzBUvi hvǔv ïiæ K‡i Pvi eQ‡ii gv_vq Gi m`m¨ nq cÖvq 175 wgwjqb- hv Gi RbwcÖqňv cÖgvY K‡i|

Gwgg: GwU GKwU mvgvwRK wgwWqv B›Uvi‡bU mvwǔ©m| †hLv‡b e¨enviKvwiiv gšeÍ ¨ K‡i Ges

gvwëwgwWqv †jLv, Qwe, AwWI, wǔwWI) ǔvMvǔvwM K‡i G‡K Ac‡ii g‡a¨ cÖǔve we¯vÍ i Ki‡ň cv‡i| Wvëb KìI‡qj, †bc÷v‡ii A‡bK cÖ‡K․kjxwe`‡`i `j 2003 mv‡j GwU cÖwňôv K‡iwQj| gvB‡¯úm G‡K wK‡b wb‡q‡Q Ges eň©gv‡b Gi mvwǔ©m eÜ i‡q‡Q| gvB‡¯úm Gi cÖavb kvLv †eǔviwj wn‡jvm, K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv‡ň|

1.1.11 mvs¯‥…wZK wewbgq (Cultural Exchange)

c„w_exi wewǔbœ †`‡ki Rxebhvǔvi aib, Bwňnvm, ms¯‥…wň Bň¨vw` wǔbœ wǔbœ| wewǔbœ †`‡k A‡bK ai‡bi Drme, cve©Y D`&hvwcň nq| c~‡e© GKB †`‡ki wewǔbœ AÂ‡j wǔbœ wǔbœ Drme cvjb Kiň| wKš‧ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i wewǔbœ cÖev‡ni d‡j GK AÂ‡ji wewǔbœ Drme m¤ú‡K© Ab¨ AÂ‡ji †jvKRb Rvb‡ň cv‡i| m¨v‡UjvBU ev wW m e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Avgiv c„w_exi wewǔbœ †`‡ki Abyôvb †`L‡ň cvwi| Avevi Avgv‡`i AbyôvbI Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki

†jvKRb †`L‡ň cv‡i| Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki bvUK, wm‡bgv, Mvb Bň¨vw` †`‡L Avgiv H †`‡ki K…wl, KvjPvi, Bwňnvm, Hwňn¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvǔ Ki‡ň cvwi| Gǔv‡e ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j wewǔbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ ms¯‥…wňi wewbgq nq|

1.2 fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU (Virtual Reality)

ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU n‡jv Kw¤úDUvi Ges wewǔbœ cÖKvi †mÝi Gi mgš^‡q MwVň GKwU cwi‡ek hvi

Aw¯ňÍ ¡ _vK‡ň cv‡i Avevi m¤ú~Y© KvíwbK n‡ň cv‡i | †hgb- †m․iRM‡ňi aviYv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q

Kw¤úDUvi, w¯úKvi, wewǔbœ Qwe ev wPǔ we‡kl c×wň‡ň Ggb GKwU cwi‡ek ‣ňwi Kiv nq hv cÖ`k©‡bi ci `k©‡Ki g‡b n‡e †hb †m †m․i RMr cÖ`wøY K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b AwǔÁňv Ges Kíbv kw³ Kv‡R jvwM‡q cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g ¯^‡cœi ǔeb •ňwi Kiv nq|

1.2.1 cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi cÖfve

Influence of Vertual in daily life

Avgv‡`i cÖvň¨wnK Rxe‡b ǔvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi cÖǔve wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv

wkBv‡B‡Î fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU:

wkøv‡ø‡ǔ ǔvPy©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi K‡i wkøv MÖnY I cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Gi myweav n‡jv GLv‡b wǔgvwǔK cwi‡e‡k ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Qvǔ-Qvǔx‡`i weivU eo MÖyc •ňwi Kiv hvq|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks †Rvwňwe©`¨vi Qvǔ‡`i ǔvPy©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi K‡i Awň mn‡R wkLv‡bv hvq †m․igÐj m¤ú‡K©, Kxǔv‡e MÖn Pjgvb _v‡K| GKwU ayg‡Kňzi AMÖMwň Uy¨vK Bň¨vw` wǔgvwǔK cwi‡e‡k mn‡R eySv‡bv m¤¢e| †h mKj Qvǔ-Qvǔx we‡klǔv‡e A_©vr wPý, is G A½-web¨vm Bň¨vw` e¨envi K‡i wkL‡ň cQ›` K‡i| Jl‡ai Qwe †`‡L †kLv, †gwWK¨v‡j A¯¿cvPvi Abykxjb Ges wǔgvwǔK Qwe †`‡L Qvǔ-Qvǔxiv mn‡R wkL‡ň cvi‡e|

mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

mvgwiK evwnbx‡ň ǔvPy©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüň n‡”Q| wňbwU (†mbv, †b․, wegvb) evwnbx‡ňB GwU cÖwkø‡Yi Kv‡R e¨eüň n‡”Q| ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU we‡kl K‡i hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯ wň, Ab¨vb¨ wec¾bK cwiw¯ wň Ges G mgq ňv‡`i mwVK KiYxq cÖwkø‡Yi Rb¨ e¨eüň nq|

mvgwiK evwnbx‡ň †h mKj †ø‡ǔ ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüň nq-

· d¬vBU Abykxj‡b

· hy×‡ø‡ǔi Abykxj‡b

· Jla m¤ú‡K© cÖwkø‡Y (hy×‡ø‡ǔ)

· hvbevnb Abykxj‡b

· ǔvPy©qvj eyU K¨v¤ú|

¯^v¯’¨‡mevq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

¯^v¯ ‡mevq ǔvPy©qvj wi‡qwjwU me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüň nq| we‡kl K‡i A‡¯¿vcPv‡i Ges Avň¼MÖ¯Í

†ivMx‡`i wPwKrmv, †ivewU· mvR©vwi Ges wPwKrmv cÖwkø‡Y| ǔvPy©qvj wi‡qwjwUi myweav n‡jv GUv Wv³vi‡`i wbivc` cwi‡e‡k bňzb wKQz wkL‡ň ev Abykxjb Ki‡ň mvnvh¨ K‡i| Ges G‡ň †ivMx‡`i

†Kv‡bv wec` NU‡Q bv|

wnDg¨vb wmgy‡jkb mdUIq¨vi (Human Simulation Software)- GLv‡b Wv³vi, bvm© Ges Ab¨iv B›Uv‡iw±ǔ cwi‡e‡k KvR Ki‡ň cv‡i| cÖwkø‡Yi `„k¨ _v‡K, †hLv‡b ňviv wǔgvwǔK cwi‡e‡k †ivMxi mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK gňwewbgq Ki‡ň cv‡i| ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU †ivM wbY©qKvix hš¿ wn‡m‡e e¨eüň nq| MRI ¯‥¨vb Kivi mgq Wv³viMY Ab¨vb¨ c×wňi mv‡_ ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi K‡i| GwU A‡bK mgq Acv‡ik‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqňv ev` †`q|

fvP©yqvj †ivewU· mvR©vwi:

ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU Gi GKwU RbwcÖq e¨envi n‡jv †ivewU· mvR©vwi, †hLv‡b Wv³vi Øviv cwiPvwjň

†ivewU· wWǔvBm Kg mg‡q Ges Kg RwUjňv I Kg SzuwKmn Acv‡ikb K‡i| ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU cÖwkøY Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq Ges `~ieňx© †Uwj mvR©vwi A_©vr †hLv‡b Wv³vi I †ivMx `ywU Avjv`v

¯ v‡b _v‡K| G c×wňi Av‡iv GKwU •ewkó¨ n‡jv- Wv³v‡ii hLb †Kv‡bv wnmve Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq

†iveU ňLb †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨B wnmve K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡ň cv‡i| ňvQvovI ¯^v¯ ¨‡mevq `šÍwPwKrmv, Jla, bvwm©s, mvR©vwi, AwURg, cÖwňeÜx‡`i wPwKrmvq ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Kiv nq|

we‡bv`‡b fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU (Virtual Reality in Entertainment):

we‡bv`‡b ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU A‡bK †ø‡ǔ e¨eüň n‡”Q| Gi RbwcÖq GjvKv¸‡jv n‡”Q

· ǔvPy©qvj Rv`yNi, †hgbwg_w¯…q cÖ`k©bx

· www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks M¨vjvwi

· w_‡qUvi, †hgbwg_w¯…q wµqvKvÐ

· ǔvPz©‡qj w_g cvK©

· Avwe®‥vi †K›`y|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks `k©K mswkøóZv-

†hme cwi‡e‡k mvavi‡Yi cÖ`k©bx Av‡M ARvbv ev wbwl× wQj, †mLv‡b D”P øgňvi †jÝmn ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU Møvm (Pkgv) Gi mvnv‡h¨ wǔgvwǔK e¯‧ wewǔbœ w`K †_‡K †`Lv †hň| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq- GKwU HwňnvwmK wewìs (¯ vcbv) RbmvaviY wewǔbœ w`K †_‡K †`L‡ň cv‡ib| Gi d‡j ňviv Bwňnv‡mi wbw`©ó mg‡qi gvby‡li Rxeb hvcb Dcjwä Ki‡ň cv‡i| ňviv GKwU Uy¨vwKs wm‡÷g (Pkgv), hv ňv‡`i PjvPj (Movement) Uy¨vK K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i cvVvq| Kw¤úDUvi `k©‡Ki Dcjwä cwieň©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ B‡gR/ Qwe cwieň©b K‡i| ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU †MBwgs we‡bv`‡bi GKwU RbwcÖq gva¨g|

fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU Ges †nwi‡UR:

ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU hv`yNi Ges HwňnvwmK †mwUs G e¨eüň nq| GB †mwUs (wg_w¯…qv cy‡qvM K‡i) G RbMY bňzb Ges D‡ǎRbvc~Y© Dcv‡q ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g B›Uv‡iw±ǔ nq| wkky‡`i Rb¨ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ hv`yNi cÖ`k©bx weiw³Ki| ňvB ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU Gi gva¨‡g wg_w¯…qv c×wň‡ň wkky‡`i G weiw³ `~i Kiv hvq Ges `k©K msL¨v e„w× Kiv hvq|

wKQz ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU †nwi‡UR mvBU n‡jv-

· ¯§„wň‡m․a (Monuments)

· †÷vb †nÄ (Stonehenge)

· ǔv¯‥h© (Sculptures)

· ¸nv (Caves)

· HwňnvwmK ǔeb (Historical Building)

· cÖňœňvwǎ¡K dig (Archaeological dig)

cÖvPxb kni I MÖvg (Old towns and village)

e¨emvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

wewǔbœ Dcv‡q ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨emvq e¨eüň n‡”Q| †hgb

· GKwU ǔvPz©qvj cwi‡e‡k e¨emvwqK ågY

· bňzb Kgx©‡`i cÖwkøY

· GKwU c‡Y¨i A360 †`Lv

wKQz e¨emvq m¤ú~Y© ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Kiv nq| ala CAVE System ňv‡`i g‡a¨ AMÖMvgx| ňviv ňv‡`i †cÖvWv±¸‡jv‡K m¤ú~Y©ǔv‡e cÖ¯‧ň nIqvi c~‡e©B Pvwj‡q cixøv Ki‡ň cv‡i| ňvI Avevi Awňwi³ LiP Qvov Ges SuzwKgy³ǔv‡e| †h mKj †Kv¤úvwb wec`RbK Ges m¤¢ve¨ øwňKi `ye¨ Drcv`b K‡i, ňviv `ye¨ e¨envi/ evRviRvň Kivi c~‡e© ňv‡`i ¸Yv¸Y cixøv Kivi `iKvi nq| ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g G KvRwU Kiv hvq, G‡ø‡ǔ †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡`i †Kv‡bv SzuwK _v‡K bv|

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb †WUv we‡køl‡Yi Kv‡RI ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Ki‡Q|

cÖ‡K․kj wefv‡M fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU cÖ‡K․kj weǔv‡M wǔgvwǔK g‡Wwjs Uzjm Ges cwiKíbvi bKkv †`Lvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| G c×wň‡ň cÖ‡K․kjxiv ňv‡`i wǔgvwǔK cÖKí †`L‡ň cv‡i Ges Kxǔv‡e cÖKíwU KvR Ki‡e ňv ǔv‡jvǔv‡e eyS‡ň cvi‡e| GwU †Kv‡bv cÖKí wbivc` cwi‡e‡k †`L‡ň cv‡i Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieň©b Ki‡ň cv‡i| Gi d‡j mgq Ges LiP Dǔq euv‡P| †Kv‡bv wWRvBb P‡µi ïiæ‡ň ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Gi d‡j †Kv‡bv wWRvB‡b ǔæwU _vK‡j ms‡kvab Kiv hvq| †ijI‡q Kb÷yvKk‡b ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Gi d‡j Aí Li‡P mn‡R wWRvBb cwieň©b Ges djvdj †`Lv hvq|

†Ljvayjvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

Description: Picture4.png Mjd, A¨v_‡jwU· (kixi PP©v), w¯…wUs, mvBwK¬s Bň¨vw` †Ljvq ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU †Uywbs wKU wn‡m‡e e¨eüň nq| kixiPP©vq `øňv cwigvc, †K․kj we‡køl‡Yi Kv‡R

ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Gi d‡j

†L‡jvqvo‡`i †cvkvK, hš¿cvwň Ges †K․kj wba©viY Kiv hvq| †L‡jvqvo‡`i Kg©`øňv e„w×‡ň ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi Kiv nq| †L‡jvqvoiv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Gwiqv‡ň

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks `øňv e„w× Ki‡ň ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU Kv‡R jvMvq| †hgb- GKRb Mjdvi myBs Dbœň Ki‡ň Pv‡”Q A_ev Uy¨vK mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx ňvi mv‡a¨i g‡a¨ `yæň †h‡ň mgm¨v¸‡jv LyuR‡Q| ňLb wǔgvwǔK c×wň µxovwe`‡`i ňvi KiYxq

wgwWqvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU Pjw”Pǔ Ges †Uwjwǔk‡bi †cÖvMÖv‡g bňzb •ewkó¨ w`‡q‡Q| ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨envi K‡i wbwg©ň Bs‡iwR ”jw”Pǔ n‡jv

· The Lawnmower Man

· The Matrix

· Torn (1982 version)

· The Thirteenth Floor

· eXistenZ

· Vanilla Sky.

ňvQvovI msMxň, eB •ňwi, •eÁvwbK cÖ`k©bx, †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb, wbg©vY, †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR Bň¨vw`‡ň ǔvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüň nq|

1.3 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mv¤úywZK cÖeYZv (Contemporary tends of ICT)

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ eň©gv‡b kyay RwUj Ges KwVb KvR¸‡jv mgvavb K‡iB e‡m †bB| AvBwmwU e¨envi K‡i eň©gv‡b Avgv‡`i Áv‡bi mxgv Awňµg K‡i M‡elYvi gva¨‡g bňzb bňzb cÖhyw³ Ges cÖhyw³i eûwe` e¨envi kyiæ n‡q‡Q| hv gvby‡li Kíbv ev B”Qvi g‡a¨ mxgve× wQj| eň©gv‡b ň_¨ I

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨env‡ii d‡j †mB mKj B”Qv ev Kíbv¸‡jv ev¯‡Í e iƒc †bq| m~Pbv n‡q‡Q bňzb bňzb cÖhyw³i Ges cwiewň©ň n‡q‡Q e¨env‡ii aviYv/ AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ, †ivewUKm ev‡qv‡gwUy·, ev‡qv-Bbdi‡gwUy·, †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis, b¨v‡bv †UK‡bvjwR Bň¨vw` bňzb bňzb cÖhyw³ Gi e¨envi kyiæ n‡q‡Q|

1.3.1 AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ (Artificial Intelligence)

AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ (Artificial Intelligence) wewǔbœǔv‡e Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K cÖǔvweň Ki‡ň cv‡i-

AvenvIqv M‡elYv (Taming the weather):

AvenvIqvi c~e©vǔvm Gi Rb¨ cÖPzi cwigvY †WUv we‡klø Y Ki‡ň nq| AwǔÁ AvenvIqvwe`MYI

memgq m~²ǔv‡e ňv we‡klø Y Ki‡ň cv‡i bv| weÁvbxiv Ggb GKwU K…wǔg eyw×gǎv mdUIq¨vi •ňwi

Ki‡ň cv‡i hv mKj †WUv wbǔz©jǔv‡e we‡klø

Y, gvby‡li wgm Kiv spot patterns Avg‡j wb‡q Awň

Aímg‡q wbǔ©yj djvdj w`‡e| mdUIq¨viwU hLb GKwU eo So †`L‡e ňLb †m ¯^qswµqǔv‡e RbMY Ges MYgva¨g‡K mňK© ms‡Kň cvVv‡e hv Rxeb euvPv‡ň mvnvh¨ Ki‡ň cv‡i| [source: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence].

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks wec`RbK/ weiw³Ki KvR (Tackling dangerous or boring task):

Avgv‡`i •`bw›`b KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡bK KvRB weiw³Ki A_ev wec`RbK| †hgb- N‡ii †g‡S cwi®‥vi Kiv, wmuwo, Avmevecǔ Ggb wK †cvlv weovj cwi®‥vi Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv †ivewU· ǔ¨vKzqvg wK¬bvi e¨envi K‡i _vwK, Avm‡j GUvI AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ (Artificial Intelligence) Gi e¨envi| ňvQvov Lwbi wǔňi KvR Kiv ev Av¸‡bi Awň wbK‡U KvR Kivi g‡ňv ¯§vU© †iveU e¨envi Kiv nq|

c„w_ex msiB‡Y (Saving the Planet):

K…wǔg eyw×gǎvi mv‡_ wkNyB weÁvbxiv †iveU I Ab¨vb¨ wWǔvBm e¨envi K‡i cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx c`v_©¸‡jv cwi®‥vi Ki‡e| Dbœň mdUIq¨vi Øviv †gwkb¸‡jv eyS‡ň cvi‡e ev cv_©K¨ Ki‡ň cvi‡e

• RweK cÖvYx Ges wec`RbK eR©¨ ev †ňj| G¸‡jv øwňKi eR©¨ MÖvm Ki‡e Ges •Re eR©¨ Aøň

†Q‡o w`‡e|

PvjKwenxb cwienb (Driverless transport):

Mvwo AvMvg evň©v w`‡e `yN©Ubv †_‡K A_ev wb‡RB Pj‡ň ïiæ Ki‡e GgbwU wK wPšÍv Kiv hvq? n¨vu K…wǔg eyw×gǎv Lye wkNyB GwU m¤¢e Ki‡ň cv‡i K¨v‡giv, †mÝi Ges we‡kl mdUIq¨vi e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g PvjKwenxb †Uyb gvby‡li mvnvh¨ Qvov Rvcv‡bi GK kni †_‡K Ab¨ kn‡i hvňvqvň Ki‡Q| gnvKv‡ki mxgv AwZµg:

K…wǔg eyw×gǎvi e¨env‡ii d‡j wesk kň‡Ki gnvKvk mxgv †cwi‡q A‡bK`~i †h‡ň cvi‡e Ges

†m․iRM‡ňi mxgvbv wcQ‡b †d‡j wePiY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| bvmv GiB g‡a¨ gvbyl¨wenxb DcMÖn `~ieňx© Qvqvc‡_ †cÖi‡Yi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b gvbyl †cu․Q‡ň A‡bK mgq jvMň| PvjKwenxb †ivǔvm© g½j MÖn Ges Ab¨vb¨ MÖn †_‡K Qwe DwV‡q weÁvbx‡`i Kv‡Q cvwV‡q‡Q †hLv‡b gvby‡li wePiY Am¤¢e| A_©bxwZ iBv K‡i:

2010 mv‡ji wnmv‡e we‡k¦i cÖvq A‡a©K †kqvi evRvi K…wǔg eyw×gǎvwǔwǎK mdUIq¨vi Øviv cwiPvwjň nq| GB †cÖvMÖvg spot patterns A¨jMwi`g e¨envi K‡i ǔwel¨ØvYx K‡i| Gi Dci wǔwǎ K‡i †kqvi µq-weµq Ki‡ň cv‡i| GB cÖhyw³ wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i `øňv e„w× I jvǔevb Ki‡ň mvnvh¨ K‡i| wbivc` evm¯’vb:

K…wǔg eyw×gǎv cÖhyw³ kxNÖB AvšÍR©vwňK ûgwK †_‡K Avgv‡`i iøv Ki‡e| gvwK©b †nvgj¨vÛ wmwKDwiwU wWcvU©‡g›U `ywU ǔvPz©qvj G‡R›U e¨envi K‡i `yRb Kgx©i cwie‡ň©| ms¯ vwU wm‡÷g ch©‡eøY, †dvb Kj I Ab¨vb¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯‥¨vb Kiv Bň¨vw` Kv‡R GB Kg©x‡`i e¨envi K‡i| G †cÖvMÖvgwU Lye Aí mg‡q AwaK cwigvY †WUv cixøv Ki‡ň cv‡i Ges mvaviY K_vevň©v Ges m¤¢ve¨ ûgwKi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡ň cv‡i|

•`bw›`b mvnvh¨:

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks K…wǔg eyw×gǎv mg„× †iveU ïay Nievwo cwi®‥vi Ki‡e bv N‡ii Avmeve cǔ mvRv‡bv (Assembling) A_ev wkky ev †cvlv weov‡ji hňœ †bqvi KvRI Ki‡e| K…wǔg eyw×gǎv mg„× †gwkb¸‡jv †Kv‡bv wRwbm/e¯‧ wPb‡ň Ges mvRv‡ň møg n‡e| hLb KvR Ki‡e A‡cøvK…ň Kg ǔzj Ki‡e| †ivewU· ïay cwiev‡ii KvR Ki‡e bv GwU e„× Ges cÖwňeÜx‡`iI mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| ǔ‡qR wiKMbvB‡Rkb

1.3.2 †ivewUK&m (Robotics)

†iveU n‡”Q GK ai‡bi †gwkb hv Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg Øviv wbqwš¿ň| GwU gvby‡li g‡ňv KvR Ki‡ň cv‡i A_ev Gi Kv‡Ri aib †`‡L g‡b nq, Gi K…wǔg eyw×gǎv

Av‡Q| †iveU †h ïay gvby‡li AvK…wňi n‡e ňv bq| G‡K ňvi Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx K‡i AvKvi Ges AvK…wň †`qv nq| †iveU Aň¨šÍ

`yæň Mwň‡ň Ges K¬vwšÍnxbǔv‡e c~e©wjwLň †cÖvMÖv‡gi wǔwǎ‡ň KvR Ki‡ň cv‡i| cÖ_‡g wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx hvwš¿K Ask •ňwi Kiv nq, c‡i †ive‡Ui hvwš¿K msMV‡bi mv‡_ GKwU Kw¤úDUvi wPc mshy³ Kiv nq| ¯^qswµq h‡š¿i mv‡_ Gi cv_©K¨ n‡jv-†iveU GKB KvR evi evi bv K‡i ňv‡K †hgbwU †kLv‡bv nq †ňgb wewǔbœ ai‡bi KvR K‡i| wKQy wKQz †iveU ïay †cÖvMÖvg Abymv‡i KvR K‡i

Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv‡K `~i †_‡K †jRvi iwk¥ ev †iwWI wmMb¨v‡ji mvnv‡h¨ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| wkí‡ø‡ǔ K‡Vvi kvixwiK cwikÖg ev

wPǔ: †iveU

RwUj Ges wec`RbK KvR¸‡jv †ive‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ Kiv hvq| Gi mvnv‡h¨ weivgnxbǔv‡e `xN© mgq KvR Ki‡ň cv‡i| KviLvbvq Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿ň †ive‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ bvbviKg wec`RbK KvR;

†hgbI‡qwìs, XvjvB, ǔvwi gvjvgvj IVv‡bv-bvgv‡bv hš¿vsk ms‡hvRb Bň¨vw` KvR Kiv nq| wewǔbœ ai‡bi gvB‡µv mvwK©‡Ui KvR m~Pviæiƒ‡c cixøv-wbixøv Ki‡ň cv‡i †ive‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ hv gvby‡li Øviv m¤¢e bq| wbDwK¬qvi cø¨v›U ev mvM‡ii ňj‡`‡ki wewǔbœ M‡elYvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †iveU e¨envi Kiv nq| hy³iv‡óyi UyvbwRkb wimvP© K‡c©v‡ik‡bi ¯^ň¡vwaKvix †Rv‡md Gd Gb‡RjevM©vi n‡”Qb BÛvw÷yqvj

†iveU Gi RbK| ňvi †iveUwU wQj ǔ¨vKzqvg wK¬bvi †iveU| GwU †Kv‡bv gvby‡li mvnvh¨ QvovB eo eo mycvi gv‡K©U, Gqvi‡cvU© ev d¨v±wi cwi®‥v‡ii KvR Ki‡ň cv‡i|

†ive‡Ui D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨envi n‡jv

· gnvKvk M‡elYvq

· ¯^qswµq wegvb I Mvwo Pvjbvq

· evwo N‡ii •`bw›`b Kv‡R

· wkí KviLvbvq

· Lye VvÐv ev Lye Mig cwi‡e‡k

· www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks I‡qwìs- Gi Kv‡R

· gvwUi wb‡P wewǔbœ Lwb‡ň KvR Ki‡ň

wPǔ: ¯^v¯ ¨ †mevq †iveU

Text Box: KvR: evsjv‡`‡ki eo eo kn‡i †Kvb cÖhyw³ e¨envi eR©¨ e¨e¯ vcbv Ges ǔywgK¤ú cieň©x e¨e¯ vcbvq Kv‡R jvMv‡bv †h‡ň cv‡i? †ňvgvi gňvg‡ňi c‡ø hyw³ †`LvI|

1.3.3 µv‡qv mvRv©wi (Cryosurgery)

K¨vÝvi eň©gvb we‡k¦i GKwU µgea©gvb mgm¨v| Ggb wK mKj Dbœň cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii ciI Gi mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv cÖwňKvi †bB| K¨vÝv‡ii wewǔbœ ai‡bi

wPwKrmv c×wň i‡q‡Q G¸‡jvi me KwUiB Avevi weaqsmx cvk¦©cÖwňwµqv i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Acv‡ikb K‡i AcmviY, †K‡gv‡_ivwc, wewKiY wPwKrmv (Radiation treatement), nvBcvi_viwgqv (Hyperthermia), K¨vÝvi wPwKrmvq Av‡iv GKwU c×wň i‡q‡Q hvi bvg n‡jv

µv‡qvmvR©vwi (Cryosurgery).

c×wZ:

wPǔ: K¨vÝvi Avµvš— †Kvl

µv‡qvmvR©vwi‡ň ňij bvB‡Uyv‡Rb e¨envi Kiv nq| Aň¨šÍ Kg ňvcgvǔvq AvµvšÍ wUmy¨‡ň bvB‡Uyv‡Rb cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq hv‡ň †Kvl¸‡jv aqsm n‡q hvq| GwU

GKwU mvaviY Ges RbwcÖq c×wň| KviY G c×wň mnR, Kvh©Ki Ges Kg LiP| µv‡qvmvR©vwii Rb¨

†ivMxi †ňgb †Kv‡bv c~e© cÖ¯‧wňi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, ň‡e e¨_vi cÖwň Awň ms‡e`bkxj †ivMx‡`i 3090 wgwbU c~‡e© e¨_vbvkK (Numbing Cream) wµg e¨envi Kiv †h‡ň cv‡i| G c×wňi me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡jv G‡ň SuzwK Kg Ges mgq A‡bK Kg jv‡M| ňij

bvB‡Uyv‡Rb KUb, †¯úy ev †gUvj †cÖve e¨envi K‡i AvµvšÍ wUmy¨‡ň 30 †m‡K‡Ûi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| AwaKňi Avµv‡šÍi †ø‡ǔ 60 †m‡KÛ ch©šÍ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡ň cv‡i| cÖ‡qvMK…ň ¯ v‡b ei‡di Kvi‡Y mv`v n‡q hvq, KviY ňij bvB‡Uyv‡Rb Aň¨šÍ VvÐv| †ewkiǔvM †ivMxi †ø‡ǔB ňviv mvgvb¨ A¯ vqx e¨_v Ges K¤úb Abyǔe K‡i|

mvaviYZ wb¤œwjwLZ K¨vÝv‡ii †B‡Î µv‡qvmvR©vwi cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K

· skin tumors.

· pre-cancerous skin moles.

· nodules.

· www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks skin tags.

· unsightly freckles.

µv‡qvmvR©vwi‡Z wbgœwjwLZ hš¿cvwZ cÖ‡qvRb nq

· AvjUyv mvDÛ (ultrasound)

· Kw¤úD‡UW U‡gvMÖvwd ev g¨vM‡bwUK wi‡Rv‡bÝ B‡gR

· (computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging)

· KUb evU / †¯úy wWǔvBm (a cotton swab or spray device)

· µv‡qv‡cÖve (cryoprobe)

· ey‡Äv‡¯‥vc (bronchoscope)

1.3.4 gnvKvk Awfhvb (Space Exploration)

GKzk kň‡K gnvKvk Awǔhvb ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mvnvh¨ Qvov Am¤¢e| Puv‡` AeňiY, gnvKv‡k

†÷kb ¯ vcb, Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡n Awǔhvb Ges c„w_exi Dci

†jLvcov Kivi Rb¨ †WUv cÖwµqvKiY, †WUv ¯ vbvšÍi, msiøY Ges eÈb Bň¨vw`‡ň ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv nq| gnvKvk Awǔhv‡b me‡P‡q eo welq n‡jv Awǔhv‡b AskMÖnYKvwi mKj hš¿ ev hš¿vsk mwVK mg‡q mwVKǔv‡e KvR Kiv| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y

†Kv‡bv GKwU Ask weKj n‡j ev KvR bv Ki‡j m¤úbœ Awǔhvb evwňj n‡q hvq| G‡ň cÖPzi mgq Ges A‡_©i AcPq nq| eň©gv‡b gnvKvk †K‡›`y cuvPwU mvaviY Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq| cÖ‡ň¨KwU

Kw¤úDUvi wewǔbœ As‡ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iøvi gva¨‡g mnR Ges RwUj KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i| RwUj

wPǔ: gnvKvk Awǔhv‡b AvBwmwUi e¨envi|

KvR Kivi Rb¨ PviwU Kw¤úDUvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges cÂgwU Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ ivLv nq Awňwi³ wn‡m‡e|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks bvmv (NASA) †mÝi I‡qe wm‡÷‡gi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡Q| Gi d‡j wekvj AvKv‡ii m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui cwie‡ň© A‡cøvK…ň †QvU AvKv‡ii m¨v‡UjvBU •ňwi| †cÖiY Kiv n‡e wbw`©ó Uv‡M©U K‡i| Giv cÖ‡qvR‡b Ae¯ vb cwieň©b Ki‡ň cvi‡e Ges cwiewň©ň wbw`©ó Gwiqv Kǔvi Ki‡ň cvi‡e| m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡K mycvi Kw¤úDUvi Øviv cÖwň¯ vcb Kiv n‡e| †QvU †QvU m¨v‡UjvBU¸‡jv‡K c„w_ex †_‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hv‡e| m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui †Kv‡bv GKwU Ask weKj n‡j ev Kvh©øgňv K‡g †M‡j m¤ú~Y© m¨v‡UjvBU aqsm bv K‡i H wbw`©ó Ask cwieň©b Kiv ev Avc‡WU Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| GB c×wň‡ň gnvKvk Awǔhvb e¨q A‡bK Kg‡e| gnvKvk Awǔhvb ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mv‡_ nv‡ň nvň †i‡L mKj mgm¨v mgvavb K‡i c„w_ex Ry‡o Dbœqb e‡q Avb‡e|

1.3.5 AvBwmwU wbf©i Drcv`b e¨e¯’v (ICT in Productions)

Drcv`b n‡”Q Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q ¸iæň¡c~Y© welq| GwU e„nǎi Rb‡Mvwôi mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwňK Dbœqb mvab K‡i| eň©gvb hyM Bbdi‡gkb I ň_¨ cÖhyw³i hyM| Drcv`b e¨e¯ vqI Gi ǔ~wgKv Acwimxg| Kw¤úDUvi GB‡WW wWRvBb (CAD) Gi e¨envi AvRKvj Lye mvaviY welq| Gi gva¨‡g Awň mn‡R bňzb bňzb c‡Y¨i wWRvBb Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov wewǔbœ RwUj c‡Y¨i wWRvBbI Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv n‡q _v‡K| msev`cǔ Qvcv‡bvi †ø‡ǔ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii

d‡j Ag cwieň©b G‡m‡Q| c~‡e© GKwU eB wcÖ›U Ki‡ň A‡bK mgq jvMň Gi mvaviY wWRvB‡bi

evB‡i hvIqv †hň bv| wKš‧ eň©gv‡b cÖhyw³i e¨env‡ii d‡j Lye mn‡R Qvcvi KvR Kiv hvq| GK‡hv‡M †`‡ki wewǔbœ ¯ vb †_‡K cwǔKv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| c‡Y¨i wWRvBb, MÖvwd·, wPǔ Bň¨vw` wewǔbœ mdU&Iq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv hvq|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wbgœwjwLZ Dcv‡q Drcv`‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i:

1. Templates-G e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wewǔbœ WvqvMÖvg Kv‡W©i Dci wcÖ›U Ki|

2. Qvcv‡bv †jLv/†U· wk‡U AuvUv‡bv Ges †mB Abyhvqx KvUv|

3. wewǔbœ ai‡bi RwUj dg© (shap) Lye mn‡R Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿ň †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ KvUv hvq| hv nv‡ňi mvnv‡h¨/ g¨vbyqvj †ek RwUj| we‡kl K‡i wewǔbœ avňe wkU Gi Dci|

4. Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿ň †j`‡gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡R wewǔbœ AvK…wňi UzKiv Kiv m¤¢e| wewǔbœ ivmvqwbK KviLvbv Ges Jla wk‡í cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó ňvcgvǔv Ges Pvc wbqš¿Y Kiv Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g m¤¢e| †cvkvK wk‡í Kvco wewǔbœ AvKv‡i UzKiv Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿ň Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿ň †gwkb e¨envi Kiv nq| K…wl‡ø‡ǔ AvBwmwU e¨env‡ii d‡j G‡ø‡ǔ Drcv`b e¨vcK nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q| KviY ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j K…lK GLb Rvb‡ň cv‡i, †Kvb gvwU‡ň †Kv‡bv ai‡bi dmj/ Rvň ǔv‡jv Rb¥v‡e Ges KLb †Kvb †iv‡Mi †Kvb Jla/ KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ň cvi‡e|

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j dm‡ji RxbMň cwieň©b mvab K‡i Drcv`b e„w× Kiv hvq Ges cÖwňKzj cwi‡e‡ki Dc‡hvMx Kiv hvq| A‡bK wkí KviLvbv i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b gvby‡li c‡ø KvR Kiv wec`RbK| †mme †ø‡ǔ †hgb- gvwUi A‡bK wb‡Pi Lwb‡ň, AwaK ňvcgvǔv we`¨gvb| Ggb Kv‡R AvBwmwUi Abb¨ Dcnvi †iveU e¨envi Kiv hvq| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j wewǔbœ Drcv`b e¨e¯ vq ¯^qswµqňv G‡b‡Q|

¯^qswµq †gwkb e¨env‡ii myweav n‡jv GwU m¤ú~Y© Rxe‡bi Drcv`b cwiKíbvq (Life time of the production plant) Drcv`b LiP Kgvq Ges wbgœwjwLň myweav †`q

· D”Pňi MyYm¤úbœ (Higher quality)

· AwaKňvi mvgÄm¨c~Y© MyY (More Consistent quality)

· mvivw`b Kg©øg _v‡K

· www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks Awň `yæň Mwňm¤úbœ (Very fast)

· AwaKňi wbǔ©i‡hvM¨

· Aí mg‡q AwaK cwigvY Drcv`b K‡i|

1.3.5 Defense (cÖwZiBv)

cÖwňiøv wkí n‡jv †h †Kv‡bv iv‡óyi GKwU ¸iæň¡c~Y© A_©‣bwňK BDwbU| GwU A¯¿ Ges hy‡×i we‡kl hš¿cvwň Drcv`b/ •ňwi K‡i| A‡bK †`‡ki cÖwňiøv wkí Lye Dbœň| ňviv wewǔbœ hy× miÄvg Ab¨

†`‡k ißvwb K‡i| cÖwňiøv wk‡íi AvDUcyU‡K `yB ǔv‡M ǔvM Kiv n‡q‡Q– AvBwmwUi g‡ňvB nvW©Iq¨vi Ges mdUIq¨vi|

cÖwňiøv wkí †_‡K †h mKj nvW©Iqvi AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq ňvn‡jv–

· wewǔbœ ai‡bi RvnvR †c‡Uyvj wkc, corvette, frigale, wewǔbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq Ggb RvnvR, †nwjKÞvi enbKvix RvnvR|

· AvKvk hvb– BDwUwjwU I AvµgY †nwjKÞvi, R½x, AvUKKvix, †evgviæ wegvb Bň¨vw`|

· ǔ~wgwǔwǎK hvb– ǔvwi hy³ U¨vsK, c`vwňK hy× evnb, †UKwbK¨vj hvb Bň¨vw`|

· mieivn hš¿cvwň– all terrain vehicle (ATV)

· A¯¿: †QvU-eo wewǔbœ ai‡bi ivB‡dj, Kvgvb wcQ, wgmvBj, †evgv Bň¨vw`|

cÖwZiBv wk‡íi md&UIqvi AvDUcyU¸‡jv n‡jv–

· ǔ~wg, mg`y Ges AvKv‡k e¨envi‡hvM¨ ivWvi

· Ac‡UyvwbK, AcwUK¨vj B‡jK‡UywbK wm‡÷g

· †mKkb, cøvUzb, †Kv¤úvwb, †iwR‡g›U, we‡MÖW, weǔvM Ges Kc©m ch©v‡q †hvM‡hv‡Mi Rb¨

†Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM wm‡÷g|

· hy×‡ø‡ǔ g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g|

B‡jUywbK Countermeasures hš¿:

cÖwňiøv wkí Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK wk‡íi g‡ňv ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Øviv ǔxlYǔv‡e cÖǔvweň| AvBwmwU Ges cÖwňiøv wk‡íi g‡a¨ Mǔxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| `ywUi g‡a¨ mivmwi ev BwňevPK m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| AvBwmwU cÖwňiøv wkí Dbœq‡b ¸iæň¡c~Y© ǔ~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ cÖwňiøv wkí‡K

¯§vU© †evgv •ňwi Ki‡ň wkwL‡q‡Q Av‡M †hLv‡b Dumb †evgv •ňwi/e¨envi Kiv n‡ňv| Av‡M hy&× wQj gvbyl‡Kw›`yK GLb ňv nq †bUIqvK© †Kw›`yK e¨e¯ vcbv| Av‡M †hLv‡b hy‡×i djvdj wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbv

Kiv n‡ňv †mLv‡b GLb ev¯eÍ

mg‡q (Real time) hy× ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Av‡M †hLv‡b ǔ~wg Ges

mgy`y †_‡K AvµgY Kiv n‡ňv| GLb †mLv‡b AvKvk Ges gnvKvk †Kw›`yK, nvW©Iq¨vi †eRW hy‡×i cwie‡ň© mdUIq¨vi †eRW hy× cwiPvwjň nq|

cÖwňiøv wk‡í ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ hy³ nIqvi c~e© Ges c‡ii Ae¯ v wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv–

(i) Av‡M cÖwňiøv wkí cÖPzi cwigv‡Y dumb †evgv cÖ¯ňÍ

Kiň| G †evgv¸‡jv ¸iæň¡c~Y© ¯ vcbv aqsm

Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡ňv †hgb– nvB‡Wyv-B‡jKwUyK euva, weyR, wegvb e›`i, †ij Ges

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks ¸iæň¡c~Y© Awdm| †hgb- miKvwi cÖkvmwbK ǔeb, wkí Kg‡c‡ø · KL‡bv mvgwiK e¨w³‡`i Dci e¨envi Kiv nq ǔq †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨| G †evgv¸‡jv‡K ædumb” ejv n‡ňv KviY G‡`i cQ›` ev Uv‡M©U wbw`©ó Kivi øgňv †bB| Giv wb‡Ri cQ›` g‡ňv KvR Ki‡ň cv‡i bv| ňviv AwaK ¸iæň¡ Ges Kg

¸iæ‡ň¡i ¯ vcbv wPwýň Ki‡ň cv‡i bv|

wbkvbv (target) wgm Kiv ev AcÖ‡qvR‡b we‡ùvwiň nIqv wQj wbň¨-•bwgwǎK e¨vcvi| 1g Ges 2q wek¦hy‡×i mgq G ai‡bi †evgvi cÖPzi e¨envi wQj|

ň_¨I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ cÖwňiøv wkí‡K Ag~j cwiewň©ň K‡i‡Q| AvBwmwUi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwňiøv wkí eň©gv‡b æsmart” A¯¿ •ňwi Ki‡Q| ¯§vU© A¯¿ AwaKňi kw³kvjx Ges wbǔ©yj wbkvbvq AvµgY Ki‡ň møg| mvgwiK evwnbx Gme A‡¯¿i mv‡_ K_v ej‡ň ev wb‡`©k w`‡ň cv‡i| wňwb (KgvÛvi) A¯¿‡K wbw`©ó e¯Íy †`‡L aqsm Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡ň cv‡i Pvi cv‡ki GjvKvi †Kv‡bv iKg aqsm mvab bv K‡i|

(ii) c~‡e© A¯¿ Ges hš¿cvwň •ňwi n‡ňv ïaygvǔ wewǔbœ evwnbxi Kg©Kň©v‡`i e¨w³Mň cÖ‡qvRb

†gUv‡bvi Rb¨| kǔæc‡øi øwň mvab Kivi Rb¨ GB A¯¿¸‡jv‡K GKmv‡_ e¨envi Kiv n‡ňv| cÖPzi •mb¨ Ges mvgwiK hš¿cvwň I A‡¯¿i Dci wbǔ©i K‡i hy× e¨e¯ vcbv‡K gvbe‡Kw›`yK hy× e¨e¯ vcbv e‡j|

ňLb †Kv‡bv evwnbxi •mb¨ msL¨vi Dci H evwnbxi kw³ cwigvcY Kiv n‡ňv| ǔv‡jv

†K․k‡ji †P‡q ňviv •mb¨ msL¨v e„w×i †K․kj e¨envi Kiň| hy‡× R‡qi Rb¨

†Rbv‡ijM‡Yi AwaK msL¨K •mb¨, A¯¿ Ges hš¿cvwňi Pvwn`v wQj| •mb¨‡`i mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ Ges mieivn wbwðň Kivi Rb¨ Av‡iv †jvK `iKvi n‡ňv| ňvQvov mvwPweK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Av‡iv A‡bK †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb wQj|

eň©gv‡b †bUIqvK© †Kw›`yK hy×‡øǔ e¨e¯ vcbv AvBwmwUi mydj| Gi d‡j GKRb

†Rbv‡ij ňvi •mb¨‡`i ch©‡eøY Ki‡ň, ňv‡`i Ae¯ vb, ňv‡`i hy× miÄv‡gi mieivn Bň¨vw` ch©‡eøY Ki‡ň cv‡ib|

G e¨e¯ vq •mb¨iv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯ v Dbœň K‡i‡Q| GKRb †¯‥vqvW wjWvi kǔæ •mb¨ Ges wgǔ •mb¨ mbv³ Ki‡ň cv‡i Ges hy×‡ø‡ǔ Qov‡bv-wQUv‡bv hy× miÄvg m¤ú‡K© AeMň n‡ň cv‡i| Gi d‡j GKRb †¯‥vqvW wjWvi mwVK mg‡q Awň `yæň wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡ň cv‡i|

(iii) cÖwňiøvq AvBwmwU hy³ nIqvi c~‡e© Ggb †Kv‡bv wWǔvBm ev hš¿ wQj bv hvi Øviv hy× †ø‡ǔi mvgwiK Kvh©µg cwigvc Kiv †hň| hy× cieň©x ch©v‡jvPbvq wb‡R‡`i wnmve Ges hňUzKz ¯§„wň‡ň

_v‡K ňv w`‡qB hy‡×i `øňv cwigvc Kiv n‡ňv| G¸‡jv mvaviYň hy‡×i g‡Wj, gvbwPǔ Bň¨vw` ch©‡eøY K‡i Ges D”Pc`¯  Kg©Kň©vMY mivmwi ch©‡eøY Ki‡ňv| G‡ø‡ǔ kňǔvM MÖnY‡hvM¨ ň_¨ msMÖn cÖkœ‡evaK wQj| Gi d‡j hy×cieň©x Avnň (BbRyiW) •mb¨ msL¨v Ges hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi cÖeYňvi g‡a¨ Lye †ewk cv_©K¨ jø¨ Kiv hvq|

cÖwňiøv wk‡í AvBwmwU hy³ nIqvi ci wi‡qj UvBg hy× ch©‡eøY, †bUIqvK©wǔwǎK hy‡×i eo AMÖMwň

nq| hy×‡ø‡ǔi me NUbv m¤ú‡K© ňrøYvr Lei Av‡`k/wb‡`k© †m›Uv‡i †cu․‡Q hvq| GUv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q-

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks KviY •mb¨iv GLb hy×v‡¯¿i mv‡_ A‡bK AvaywbK B‡j±ywb· h‡š¿i mvnvh¨ †bq- hvi d‡j ňviv mn‡R mwVK wm×všÍ wb‡ň cv‡i| kǔæi Uv‡M©U Ges wb‡R‡`i Ae¯ vb eyS‡ň cv‡i, GK¯ vb †_‡K Ab¨¯ v‡b

†h‡ň Kň mgq jvM‡j ňv wnmve Ki‡ň cv‡i| kǔæi ¯ vcbv aqsm Ki‡ň cv‡i| hLb †Kv‡bv wec`RbK hy‡× AeňxY© nq ňLb ňvrøYvr KgvÛv‡ii wb‡`©k †c‡ň/ MÖnY Ki‡ň cv‡i|

1.3.6 ev‡qv‡gwUy· (Biometrics)

ev‡qv‡gwUy· n‡jv •Re •ewkó¨/ ň_¨ we‡klø Y Ges cwigvc Kivi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ we`¨v| ň_¨ cÖhyw³‡ň

ev‡qv‡gwUy· ej‡ň H †K․kj ev c×wň‡K †evSvq hv gvbe †`‡ni wewǔbœ •ewkó¨ †hgb- wW Gb G, Av½y‡ji Qvc, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwik, ǔ‡qm c¨vUvb©, gyL gÐ‡ji c¨vUvb©, nv‡ňi gvc Bň¨vw` cÖgvY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡kølY I cwigvc K‡i|

Av½y‡ji Qvc †_‡K wbD‡gwiK †WUvq i~cvšiÍ n‡”

†Pv‡Li †iwUbv ¯‥¨vb Kiv n‡”Q

ev‡qv‡gwUy· hvPvB‡qi Øviv cwiPq cÖgvY e¨e¯ v K‡c©v‡iU I cvewjK wbivcǎv, B‡jKUywb· cY¨ Ges weµq †K‡›`y GKwU mvaviY c×wň| wbivcǎv QvovI ev‡qv‡gwUyK hvPvB‡qi wKQz myweav i‡q‡Q|

GKwU ev‡qv‡gwUy· wWǔvBm †hgb- wd½vi¯‥¨vbvi (Finger-scanner) wbgœwjwLň As‡ki mgš^‡q MwVň-

· GKwU BbcyU wWǔvBm ev ¯‥¨vbvi (A reader or Scanner)

· GKwU mdUIq¨vi hv- ¯‥¨vb Kiv ň_¨‡K wWwRUvj di‡g‡U iƒcvšÍi K‡i Ges g¨vP c‡q›U ňzjbv K‡i|

· GKwU †WUv‡eR, †hLv‡b ňzjbv Kiv †WUv msiwøň _v‡K|

cwiPq Pzwi †iv‡a ň_¨ MÖnY Kivi mgq mvaviYň †WUv GbwµÞ Kiv nq| GLb †`Lv hvK Kxǔv‡e ev‡qv‡gwUyK hvPvB‡qi KvRwU m¤úbœ nq

ev‡qv‡gwUyK BbcyU‡K iƒcvšiÍ Ki‡ň Ges g¨vwPs c‡q›U Ae †WUv mbv³ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU e¨envwiK

mdU&Iq¨vi e¨envi Kiv nq| †WUv‡e‡Ri g‡a¨ g¨vP c‡q›U cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU A¨vjMwi`g e¨envi Kiv nq Ges ň_¨‡K msL¨vevPK †WUvq iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq| †WUv‡e‡Ri gvb me©‡kl ev‡qv‡gwUy· Bbcy‡Ui mv‡_ ňzjbv Kiv nq Ges cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ bgybv wgj ev Awgj †NvlYv Kiv nq|

1.3.7 ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· (Bioinformatics)

ev‡qv-Bbdi‡gwU· n‡jv •Re ň_¨ e¨e¯ vcbvi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³i GKwU e¨envi| •Re I

†R‡bwUK ň_¨ msiøY, we‡klø Y Ges GKwǔKi‡Yi KvR Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva‡g Kiv nq, hv wRbwǔwǎK

bňzb Jla Avwe®‥vi Ges Dbœq‡bi Kv‡R jv‡M| wnDg¨vb wRbg cÖ‡R± (Human Genome Project)

Gi d‡j RbmvaviY wRb m¤ú‡K© cÖPzi ň_¨ Rv‡b, hvi d‡j ev‡qv-Bbdi‡gwU· Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqňv e„w×

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks †c‡q‡Q| wnDg¨vb wRb‡gi D‡Ïk¨- mKj gvbe wR‡b µg wba©viY Kiv hv cÖvq wňb wewjqb †Rvov| ev‡qv-Bbdi‡gwU· weÁvb n‡jv AvYyweK •Re weÁvb Ges Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡bi mgwš^ň iƒc| bňzb Jla Avwe®‥v‡ii Rb¨ gwjKzjvi Uv‡M©U (Molecular targets) mywbw`©ó Kiv Ges gvbe †`‡ni †ivM m¤c‡K© †evSvi Rb¨ †R‡bwUK ň_¨ e¨envi Kiv| Gi ¯^xK…wňi Rb¨ A‡bK wek¦we`¨vjq, miKvwi cÖwňôvb, Ges dvg©vwmDwUK¨vj †Kv¤úvwb Mbbxq RxeweÁvbx (Computational biologists) Ges ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx (Bioinformatics Computer Scientists) Gi mgš^‡q ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· MÖæc MVb Ki‡Q|

AvYyweK RxeweÁvbx‡`i Rb¨ me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv †Rbg wm‡Kv‡qwÝs cÖ‡R‡±i †WUv¸‡jvi ň_¨ Rvbv‡bv| KviY, cÖ_vMňǔv‡e M‡elYvMv‡i AvYyweK Rxe weÁvbxiv KvR Kiň mxwgň †WUv wb‡q, wKš‧ cÖPzi msL¨K †WUv wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ G M‡elYvi mv‡_ Kw¤úDUvi hy³ Kiv nq| wm‡Kv‡qÝ

†Rbv‡iU Kiv, mve-wm‡Kv‡qÝ msiøY Kiv, †WUv iƒcvšÍi Ges we‡kølY Bň¨vw` Kw¤úDUvi wbǔ©i KvR| ň‡e, GKwU AvYyweK •Re cixøv Kiv Lye RwUj KvR- hLb ňviv wewǔbœ †j‡ǔ‡j _v‡K †hgb- genom, proteome, transcriptome Ges metabalome †j‡ǔ‡j| ev‡qv-Bbdi‡gwU· m¤úy`v‡qi cÖ_g P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv wekvj †WUvi ǔvÛvi‡K myk„•Ljǔv‡e msiøY Kiv| mnR wePiY (Access) Ges wbǔ©i‡hvM¨ †WUv cÖ`v‡bi `vwqň¡ cvjb Kiv|

†WUv we‡køl‡Yi c~‡e© G‡Kev‡i A_©nxb _v‡K| GKRb cÖwkwøň Rxe weÁvbxi c‡øI g¨vby‡qwj e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e bq| AňGe, A_©c~Y© •Reň_¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq| GKwU ev‡qv-

Bbdi‡gwU· hš¿ wňbwU cÖavb cÖwµqv K‡i _v‡K

wW Gb G µg †cÖvwUb µg wbY©q K‡i (DNA sequence determines protein sequence )

†cÖvwUb µg †cÖvwUb MVb/ KvVv‡gv wbY©q K‡i (Protein sequence determines protein structure)

†cÖvwUb MVb/ KvVv‡gv †cÖvwU‡bi KvR wbY©q K‡i (Protein structure determines protein function) |

1.3.8 †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis (Genetic Engineering)

cixøvMv‡i weÁvbxiv RxešÍ cÖvwYi wW Gb G (DNA) cwieň©b Kivi Rb¨ †h †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡i ňv‡K †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis e‡j|

Avevi Ab¨ǔv‡e ejv hvq, †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis n‡jv

†Kv‡bv cÖvYx‡ň g¨vby‡qjwj wWGbG (DNA) †hvM Kivi cÖwµqv æGenetic Enginering is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism”|

†Kv‡bv Rx‡ei Rxeb, e„w×mn Ab¨vb¨ •ewkó¨ H Rx‡ei

• ewk‡ó¨i Rb¨ `vqx ňv‡K wRb (Genes) e‡j| AvYweK weÁvbxMY A‡bK GbRvBg Avwe®‥vi K‡i‡Qb hv DNA Gi MVb cwieň©b Ki‡ň cv‡i| wKQz wKQz GbRvBg Av‡Q hvi mvnv‡h¨ DNA Gi wKQz Ask (strands) ev` w`‡ň A_ev

DNA •ňwi Ki‡ň wk‡L‡Q| GKwU D`vniY w`‡j welqwU

Av‡iv mnR n‡e- U‡g‡Uv VvÐv mn¨ Ki‡ň cv‡i bv

wPǔ: wWGbG

†R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi d‡j Avgiv wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e DcKvi †c‡q _vwK-

1| Bbmywjb Drcv`b n‡jv †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi me‡P‡q eo mydj| Bbmywjb Wvqv‡ewUK&m

†iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq cÖ‡qvRb nq|

2| Interferon n‡jv gvbe †Kvl †_‡K wbtm„ň GK ai‡bi im (agent) hv ǔvBivm bvkK (Anti viral)

wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| AvRKvj †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi gva¨‡g •ňwi Interferon e¨eüň n‡”Q|

3| wRb †_ivwc †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi GKwU mydj| wRb †_ivwci gva¨‡g †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv Ges ǔæwUc~Y© gvby‡li wRb cwieň©b K‡i my¯  K‡i †ňvjv hvq|

4| †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© bňzb A‡bK sophisticated dvg©vwmDwUK¨vj cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq| G bňzb Jla wbw`©ó wR‡bi †K¬vwbs Øviv •ňwi|

5| wnDg¨vb †MÖv_ ni‡gvb GLb wkíRvň e¨vK‡Uwiqv †_‡K wb®‥vwkň n‡ň cv‡i| GB ni‡gvb evgbň¡ (†eu‡U) †iv‡a e¨eüň nq| †R‡bwUK¨vjwj Drcvw`ň wnDg¨vb †MÖv_ ni‡gvb †cvov ň¡K, †d‡U hvIqv nuvo, Ges L¨v`¨ bvwji Avjmv‡ii wPwKrmvq e¨eüň nq|

†hgb- mqvweb, ǔy7v, ňzjv, †ňj exR Bň¨vw`| G¸‡jv †cvKv-gvKo I Ab¨vb¨ Dw™¢` bvkK Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡jI QǔvK I ǔvBivm cÖwň‡ivax| ňvQvov †R‡bwUK¨vjwj cwiewň©ň dmj AwaK Liv I VvÐv mn¨ Ki‡ň cv‡i|

7| †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi d‡j •Re KviLvbvq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †cÖvwUb I GbRvBg Drcv`b Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv cÖPzi msL¨vq Tryptophan Gi g‡ňv wUKv I m¤ú~iK •ňwi Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov R¡vjvwb •ňwi‡ňI G¸‡jv e¨eüň nq|

8| Mǔ©eňx gwnjv‡`i Fetuses †`‡L mšvÍ ‡bi †R‡bwUK ǔæwUmg~n wbY©q Kiv hvq| wcňv-gvňv I Wv³vi wg‡j wkkyi R‡b¥i c~‡e©B mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv †h‡ň cv‡i|

1.3.9 b¨v‡bv †UK‡bvjwR (Nano Technology)

b¨v‡bv kãwU wMÖK nanos kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi AvwǔavwbK A_©© Dwarft wKš‧ GwU GKwU gv‡ci GKK wn‡m‡e e¨eüň n‡”Q| 1 wgUv‡ii 1000000000 (100 †KvwU) ǔv‡Mi GK ǔvM‡K ejv nq b¨v‡bv wgUvi| Avi G b¨v‡bvwgUvi †¯‥‡j †h mg¯Í †UK‡bvjwR m¤úwK©ň †m¸‡jv‡KB b¨v‡bv †UK‡bvjwR e‡j|

weÁvbxiv b¨v‡bvweÁvb ev b¨v‡bvcÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g aviYv cvb †bv‡ej weRqx c`v_©we` Richard Feynman-Gi 1959 mv‡ji American physical society Gi GKwU m‡¤§j‡b †`qv æThere’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” bv‡gi e³e¨ †_‡K| ňviI GK `kK c‡i Professor Norio Taniguchi b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³ kãwU D™¢veb K‡ib|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³i †ø‡ǔ `ywU cÖwµqv Av‡Q| GKwU n‡jv Dci †_‡K wb‡P (Top to Bottom) Ges AciwU n‡jv bxP †_‡K Dc‡i (Bottom to Top)| UcWvDb c×wň‡ň †Kv‡bv wRwbm‡K †K‡U †QvU †QvU K‡i wbw`©ó AvKvi †`qv nq, G‡ø‡ǔ Etching cÖwµqvwU m¤úwK©ň| Ab¨w`‡K eUg-Uc n‡jv Awň †QvU

†QvU AvKv‡ii wRwbm‡K w`‡q eo †Kv‡bv wRwbm •ňwi Kiv| Avgv‡`i eň©gvb B‡j±ywb· n‡jv Uc- WvDb cÖhyw³i Avi b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³ n‡jv eUg-Uc cÖhyw³i| b¨v‡bvwgUvi †¯‥‡j øz`y ø`y e¯‧i Dcv`vb

• ňwi Kiv nq GB b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³‡ň| †hgb- Avgv‡`i hw` we‡kl ai‡bi GKwU DNA cÖ‡qvRb nq ňvn‡j eUg-Uc cÖhyw³‡ň †mB DNA Gi †QvU †QvU Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K wgkÖY K‡i †mB Kvw•øň DNA

• ňwi Kiv n‡e| ň‡e b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³ ïaygvǔ eUg-Uc cÖhyw³B bq eis Uc-eUg cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i G

`ywUi wgkÖY Kiv n‡e|

cÖwň eQiB †`Lv hvq, Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kvh©øgňv e„w× cvq wKš‧ `vg Av‡Mi eQ‡ii ňzjbvq Kg‡Q| KviY Gi mv‡_I b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³i m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| Kw¤úDUv‡ii wǔň‡ii gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡i i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ Awň øz`y øz`y mvwK©U| Avi ňv‡ň e¨eüň n‡”Q b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³| b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³i d‡j †gvevB‡jB Kw¤úDUv‡ii KvR Kiv hvq (eň©gv‡b evRv‡i G ai‡bi wKQz †gvevBj Av‡Q)| ňvQvov G cÖhyw³i d‡j Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©wW‡¯‥i aviY øgňv w`b w`b evo‡Q, hv 10/15 eQi Av‡M KíbvI Kiv †hň bv|

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ci GwUB cÖhyw³i me‡P‡q eo Dcnvi| b¨v‡bvi Kvi‡Y mv‡qÝ wdK&k‡bi A‡bK wKQzB GLb ev¯Íe| welqwU GLb GňB e¨vcK †h, GwU kyaygvǔ Avi weÁv‡bi Qvǔ-Qvǔx‡`i g‡a¨ mxgve× bq eis mKj weǔv‡Mi Qvǔ-Qvǔx‡`i Rb¨ Acvi m¤¢vebvi `yqvi Ly‡j w`‡q‡Q|

wewǔbœ †`‡ki miKv‡ii mv‡_ cÖvq mKj eûRvwňK †Kv¤úvwbMy‡jv GLb b¨v‡bvcÖhyw³i M‡elYvq KvR Ki‡Q| Rvcvb ňvi Rvňxq M‡elYv ev‡R‡Ui wmsn ǔvM †i‡L‡Q b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³ msµvšÍ welq¸‡jvi Dci| ïay Rvcvb bq BD‡ivc, Av‡gwiKv, Pxb, †Kvwiqv- me¸‡jv †`kB b¨v‡bvcÖhyw³i e¨envi wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q| mK‡ji b¨v‡bvcÖhyw³i Dci Gň AvMÖn †`‡L GUv eyS‡ň evwK _vKj bv †h, mvg‡bi hyM n‡e b¨v‡bvcÖhyw³i hyM| Kv‡iv ü`‡ivM n‡q‡Q ? b¨v‡bv †iveU kix‡ii wǔňi Xz‡K †mB me †givgň Ki‡e| Avgv‡`i nv‡ňi Nwo n‡q hv‡e Kw¤úDUvi, †gvevBj| me wKQzB, Avi ňv m¤¢e n‡e b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³i e‡`․j‡ň|

1.4 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i •bwZKZv (Morality in using ICT)

Avgiv iv¯vÍ w`‡q †nu‡U hvIqvi mgq iv¯vÍ i `yB cv‡k wewǔbœ ai‡bi d‡ji evMvb †`wL, dj¸‡jv

LvIqvi Dchy³ _v‡K, ňvB e‡j evMv‡b Xz‡K B”Qvgň dj LvIqv ïiæ Kwi bv| Avgiv mǔ¨ gvbyl †m wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i GKwU •bwňK `vwqň¡ _v‡K| eis hw` KL‡bv †`Lv hvq †Kv‡bv cï-cvwL‡ň ev Ab¨

†Kv‡bvǔv‡e evMv‡bi øwň n‡”Q ňLb Avgiv evMvb‡K Avmbœ øwňi nvň †_‡K iøv Kivi †Póv Kwi|

†Kv‡bv evwoi `iRv †Lvjv †c‡jB Avgiv AcwiwPň Kv‡iv evwo‡ň Xz‡K hvB bv| B›Uvi‡b‡U Avgiv hLb wewǔbœ I‡qemvBU †`wL, †mLv‡b †h gvbyl ev cÖwňôvb I‡qemvBU ‣ňwi K‡i‡Q ňviv †h AskUzKz †m Avgv‡`i †`Lv‡ň PvB‡Q Avgiv †mB AskUzKz †`L‡ň cvB| I‡qe mvB‡Ui wbR¯^ ev †Mvcb AskUzKz‡ň Avgv‡`i †XvKvi K_v bq, cÖ‡qvRbI †bB| †mLv‡b †h‡ň cv‡i ňv‡`i wbw`©ó gvbylRb- hviv †Mvcb

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks cvmIqvW© e¨envi K‡i †mLv‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i wbw`©ó ň_¨ mvwR‡q iv‡L, †mLv‡b KvR K‡i| ev¯eÍ Rxe‡b

Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k ňvKvB ňvn‡j wewǔbœ ai‡bi Aciva msNUb nIqvi wPǔ †`L‡ň ev Lei ïb‡ň cvB| †hgb t mš¿vmx, Pzwi, WvKvwň, nvBR¨vwKs, cÖňviYv Bň¨vw`| eň©gvb hyM ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

wec` ev nqivwbi ¯^xKvi K‡i| ň_¨ cÖhyw³i e¨envi †ewki ǔvMB GKKǔv‡e/ ň‡_¨i Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K jvBǔ †`Lvi my‡hvM Lye mxwgň| ňvB ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i •bwňKňvi

¸iæň¡ Acwimxg| Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri Lye mvaviY Ges Awň cwiwPň NUbv- Avgiv cÖvqB †`wL, gvbyl

†gvevBj †dv‡b K_v ejvi mgq wb‡Ri Ae¯ vb m¤ú‡K© wg_¨v ň_¨ †`q hv †gv‡UI DwPr bq| GUv A‣bwňK KvR| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖavb gva¨g n‡jv Kw¤úDUvi Ges B›Uvi‡bU| Avgv‡`i DwPr ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i •bwňKňv eRvq ivLv| GLb Avgiv Rvb‡ev A‣bwňK KvR¸‡jv wK wK

e¨w³ we‡k‡li weiæ‡× A‣bwZK KvR:

· B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g nqivwb

· Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡gi øwň mvab Kiv

· cÖňviYv Kiv

· Acev` †`qv

cÖwZôv‡bi weiæ‡× A‣bwZK KvR:

· Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g AevwÃň cÖ‡ek/ wbqš¿Y

· wbwl× ev msiwøň ň_¨ AwaKvi ev Pzwi

· miKvwi cÖwňôv‡bi weiæ‡× mvBevi mš¿vm Kiv

· cvB‡iUK…ň mdUIq¨vi weµq I weňiY

mgv‡Ri weiæ‡× A‣bwZK KvR:

· †Mvcbxq ev A‣ea ň_¨ cvPvi

· AbjvBb Ryqv

· ¯ú¨vwgs (Spamming)

· n¨vwKs (Hacking)

· mvBevi AvµgY (Syber Attack)

· www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks mvBevi Pzwi (Syber Theft)

¯ú¨vwgs (Spamming)

B-†gBj GKvD‡›U cÖvqB wKQz wKQz A‡Pbv I AcÖ‡qvRbxq B-†gBj cvIqv hvq hv Avgv‡`i weiw³ NUvq| G ai‡bi B-†gBj‡K mvaviYň ¯ú¨vg (Spam) e‡j|

n¨vwKs (Hacking)

mvaviYň Abygwň e¨ňxň †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K© cÖ‡ek K‡i Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv A_ev †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi‡K †gvnv”Qbœ K‡i ňvi cy‡iv wbqš¿Y wb‡q †bqv‡K n¨vwKs e‡j| †h n¨vwKs K‡i ňvnv‡K n¨vKvi (Haker) e‡j|

mvBevi AvµgY (Syber Attack)

mvBevi AvµgY GK ai‡bi B‡j±ywbK AvµgY hv‡ň wµwgbvjiv B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g KviI wm‡÷‡g webv Abygwň‡ň cÖ‡ek K‡i dvBj, †cÖvMÖvg wKsev nvW©Iq¨vi aqsm ev øwň mvab K‡i| G‡K mvBevi Vandalism I ejv nq|

mvBevi Pzwi (Syber Theft)

AbjvBb e¨vswKs e¨e¯ vq ň_¨ Pzwii mv‡_ mv‡_ UvKv cqmvI Pzwi K‡i| GLv‡b Giv †Kv‡bv †bUIqv‡K© cÖ‡ek K‡i jywK‡q _v‡K Ges BDRvi Kň©„cø cÖ`ǎ Bbdi‡gk‡bi †WUv‡e‡Ri AbyKwc •ňwi K‡i| c‡i †mB Bbdi‡gkbMy‡jv e¨envi K‡i Rvwjqvwňi gva¨‡g Kv‡ivi GKvD›U †_‡K ňvi mg¯Í UvKv wbR GKvD‡›U UyvÝdvi K‡i †bq|

mvaviYfv‡e mvBevi Pzwi `yB fv‡e NU‡Z cv‡i, †hgb-

K. †WUv Pzwi (Data Theft)

L. Aw¯Íň¡ Pzwi (Identity Theft)

†WUv Pzwi (Data Theft):

†Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¨emvq cÖwňôvb †_‡K Abygwň e¨ňxň Bbdi‡gkb Kwc A_ev msMÖn Kiv‡K †WUv Pzwi ejv nq| e¨w³Mň e¨envwiK ň_¨ wKsev †Kv‡bv cÖwňôv‡bi Ggb wKQz ň_¨ _v‡K hv A‡b¨i nv‡ň †M‡j

e¨w³ ev cÖwňôv‡bi bvbvwea øwň n‡ň cv‡i| G ai‡bi ň_¨ Ab¨ †KD n¯MÍ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|

e¨w³ cwiPq Pzwi (Identify Theft):

ň Ki‡j ňv‡K †WUv Pzwi

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks GKR‡bi cwiPq e¨envi K‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ wKQz µq K‡i ňvi `vqǔvi H e¨w³i Dci Pvcv‡bv‡K cwiPq Pzwi e‡j| KvbvWv I Av‡gwiKv‡ň GB Aciva me‡P‡q †ewk msNwUň nq| KviI e¨w³ cwiPq ev Aw¯Íň¡ (Identity) Pzwi ej‡ň †bUIqvK© ev B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixi User ID Ges Password Pzwii KvR‡K eySvq|

md&UIq¨vi cvB‡iwm (Software Piracy)

md&UIq¨vi cvB‡iwm ej‡ň cÖ¯‧ňKvixi webv Abygwň‡ň †Kv‡bv md&UIq¨vi Kwc Kiv, wb‡Ri bv‡g weňiY Kiv wKsev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi cwieň©‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri e‡j Pvwj‡q †`Iqv Bň¨vw` Kvh©µg‡K eySvq|

†cøwRqvwiRg (Plagiarism)

A‡b¨i †jLv Pzwi K‡i wb‡Ri bv‡g Pvwj‡q †`qv ev cÖKvk Kiv‡KB †cwø RqvwiRg e‡j| †Kv‡bv e¨w³i

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Av‡iv GKwU gva¨g n‡jv †gvevBj †dvb| Gi gva¨‡g †h mKj A‣bwňK KvR nq-

· AcwiwPň KvD‡K wgm Kj †`qv

· AcwiwPň KvD‡K †dvb K‡i wei³ Kiv

· KvD‡K ǔq-ǔxwň †`Lv‡bv ev ûgwK †`qv

Avgiv ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii A‣bwňK w`KMy‡jv Rvbjvg| mK‡ji G KvRMy‡jv cwinvi Kiv DwPr|

1.5 mgv‡R Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖfve (Impacts of ICT in society) eň©gvb hyM ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i hyM| eň©gvb mgv‡Ri cÖwňwU †ø‡ǔ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi jø Kiv hvq| Gi d‡j wPi‡Pbv mvgvwRK iƒc cÖwňwbqň cwiewň©ň n‡”Q| ňvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Q hy‡Mi mv‡_| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j mgv‡Ri cÖ‡ň¨KwU †ø‡ǔ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwieň©b mvwaň n‡q‡Q| e¨emv-evwYR¨, †hvMv‡hvM, wkøv, wPwKrmv, wkí, ms¯‥…wň, Awdm-Av`vjň, wkí- KviLvbv Bň¨vw` cÖwňwU †kÖwY-†ckvi gvbyl ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †mev MÖnY K‡i wbR wbR Ae¯ vb Av‡iv Dbœň Ges Mwňkxj Ki‡Q| mgv‡R ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖǔve¸‡jv wb‡gœ we¯Ívwiň Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Mwň e„w× K‡i‡Q| Av‡M †Kv‡bv msev` GK¯ vb †_‡K Ab¨¯ v‡b †cÖiY Ki‡ň A‡bK mgq jvMň wKš‧ eň©gv‡b B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †h †Kv‡bv msev` gyn~‡ň©i g‡a¨B GK eÜzi wbKU †_‡K Ab¨ eÜzi wbKU ev e¨emvwqi Kv‡Q †cu․Qv‡bv hvq| G‡ň mgq euv‡P|

B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kiv Ab¨vb¨ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi ňzjbvq LiP A‡bK Kg| KviY G‡ň †Kv‡bv gvwmK mvwǔ©m PvR© w`‡ň nq bv| Bnv e¨enviKvix‡K cÖPzi cwigvY †WUv A¨v‡·m Kivi my‡hvM †`q †mB ňzjbvq LiP Aň¨waK Kg| Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU •ewkó¨ n‡”Q wbǔ©i‡hvM¨ňv| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g

†Kv‡bv ¯ vb †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv mgq ň_¨ †ei Ki‡ň cvwi| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GUv n‡”Q GKwU mnR c×wň| ň‡e Kw¤úDUv‡i †WUv BbcyU †`q gvbyl, myňivs gvbyl ǔzj †WUv BbcyU w`‡j ǔzj ň_¨ cvIqvi m¤¢vebv

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks _v‡K| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j c„w_exi mK‡ji mv‡_ Áv‡bi Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Bnv GKwU mxgvbvnxb ň_¨ mvwǔ©m|

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j mgvR ïayB †h myweav cv‡”Q ňv bq AmyweavI i‡q‡Q| †hgb- cÖňviYv, cwiPq †Mvcb/ Pzwi, c‡b©vMÖvwd, n¨vwKs Bň¨vw`| AwaK gvǔvq Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Ges mwVK c×wň‡ň e¨envi bv Kivi Kvi‡Y wKQz ¯^v¯ ¨ mgm¨vI †`Lv w`‡ň cv‡i|

e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨vcK e¨envi e¨ňxň AvaywbK e¨emv I Avg`vwb-ißvwb‡ň Dbœqb m¤¢e bq| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Qvov AvRKvj e¨vsK, exgv, †µwWU †Kv¤úvwb, cwienb Ges Dbœň we‡k¦i mvaviY †KbvKvUvmn A‡bK Kg©KvÐ APj| e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨vcK e¨envi n‡”Q| e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ mn‡R Kg mg‡q msev` Av`vb-cÖ`vb I †hvMv‡hvM, B-†gBj, I‡qe mvBU Ges B›Uvi‡bU evwYwR¨K †hvMv‡hvMmn me iKg †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AvaywbK gva¨g| we‡k¦i cÖvq mKj

†`‡ki g‡a¨ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g e¨w³ wKsev cÖwňôv‡bi g‡a¨ †jb‡`b‡K B-Kgvm© e‡j| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cY¨ I †mev weµ‡qi welqwU mK‡ji `„wó me‡P‡q †ewk AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g ïay †h cY¨ µq-weµq n‡”Q ňv bq, wewǔbœ ai‡bi †mevI B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cvIqv hvq| B-e¨vswKs Gi

GwUGg ey_ Gi gva¨‡g UvKv D‡ǎvjb I Rgv`v‡bi myweav w`‡”Q| Gi d‡j Awň mn‡R Kg Li‡P Ges Kg mg‡q UvKv D‡ǎvjb I Rgv †`qv hvq|

wkBv‡B‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

wkøv‡ø‡ǔ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi D‡jøL Kivi g‡ňv| GLb B”Qv Ki‡j †KD evsjv‡`‡k e‡m Av‡gwiKvi †Kv‡bv jvB‡eywi †_‡K eB co‡ň cv‡ib|

AvRKvj c„w_exi wewǔbœ †`‡ki †miv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi jvB‡ewy i wKsev M‡elYv Kg© mv‡_ mv‡_ B›Uvi‡b‡U cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q| d‡j c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki gvbyl ňv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq ň_¨ msMÖn Ki‡ň cvi‡Q| AvRKvj wkøv_x©‡K wkøv †`qvi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi Ges cÖ‡R±i e¨envi Kiv nq| cÖ‡ň¨K †kÖwYi Dc‡hvMx K‡i wWwRUvj K‡›U›U •ňwi Kiv nq| hy³ Kiv nq my›`i, AvKl©Yxq wPǔ Ges eY©bv| Gi d‡j wkøv_x©iv mn‡R cv‡Vi welqe¯‧ eyS‡ň Gis Avqǎ Ki‡ň cv‡i| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨env‡ii d‡j bv ey‡S eB †`‡L ïay gyL¯  Kivi w`b

†kl n‡q †M‡Q | ňvQvov wkøKiv K¬vm ïiæi Av‡MB †jKPvi wkU AbjvB‡b Qvǔ-Qvǔx‡`i w`‡q w`‡ň cv‡ib| Gi d‡j wkøv_©xiv Av‡M †_‡KB cÖ¯‧wň wb‡ň cv‡ib| wewǔbœ †`‡ki cvV¨µg ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mg‡qvc‡hvMx Ges Dbœň gv‡bi cvV¨µg •ňwi Ki‡ň cv‡i| Ávb AR©b GLb Avi †kywYKø I wkø‡Ki g‡a¨ mxgve× †bB| eň©gv‡b Distance learning Gi mvnv‡h¨ N‡i e‡m cov GgbwK wWwMÖ

†bqvI m¤¢e| wkøv‡ø‡ǔ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wecøe G‡b‡Q|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks eň©gv‡b gvwëwgwWqv wmwW I B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †h‡Kv‡bv welq m¤^‡Ü Qvǔ-Qvǔxiv Rvb‡ň cv‡i| A‡bK †ø‡ǔ wkøKiv Qvǔ‡`i wewǔbœ I‡qe mvB‡Ui bvg I wVKvbv w`‡q †`b| Gi d‡j ňv‡`i we‡kølY `øňv I mgm¨v mgvav‡b ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii Aǔ¨vm e„w× cvq hv eň©gvb we‡k¦ Áv‡bi cÖavb ǔvÐvi wnmv‡e we‡ewPň| wewǔbœ cixøvi Dǎicǔ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi D‡jøL Kivi g‡ňv| cÖkœ-Dǎi Gi gva¨‡g wewǔbœ cixøvi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| eň©gv‡b Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g wewǔbœ cixøv (†hgb: GmGmwm I GBPGmwm) Lvňv g~j¨vqb K‡i Ges

Awdm-Av`vj‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

Awdm Av`vj‡ň ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi D‡jøL Kivi g‡ňv| Awd‡m †hLv‡b Av‡M cÖPzi cwigv‡Y KvMRcǔ ¯Í~c †`qv _vKň AvR †mLv‡b

KvMRcǔ †`Lv hvq bv ej‡jB P‡j| Gňme dvB‡ji cwie‡ň© i‡q‡Q GKwU gvǔ Kw¤úDUvi Ges GKwU B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM| Kw¤úDUv‡iB msiwøň Av‡Q Awd‡mi mKj Kg©Kň©v‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq ň_¨| Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡gB Kiv nq

†eňb, cvIbv Bň¨vw`i wnmve| `ß‡i `ß‡i dvBj wb‡q wcqb‡`i †`․oSvc †Pv‡L c‡o bv, KviY B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡gB G KvR¸‡jv †m‡i

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †`‡ki cÖPwjň AvBb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ň cvi‡e| d‡j ňviv AvB‡bi cÖwň ky×vkxj n‡eb| mvaviY gvbyl AvBb gvb¨ Ki‡ň Drmvnx n‡eb| miKvi ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †`‡ki mKj AvBb‡K webvg~‡j¨ RbM‡Yi Rb¨ AbjvB‡b cÖKvk Ki‡ň cv‡i| wePv‡ii mv‡_ mswkøó mKj Kvh©µg ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y mgwš^ňǔv‡e Kiv m¤¢e| ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qv‡M Av`vjň ň_v wePvi e¨e¯ vi mKj Kvh©µg mgwš^ňǔv‡e KivB n‡jv B-†KvU©| we‡k¦i wewǔbœ ¯ v‡b B-†KvU© Pvjy n‡q‡Q Ges mvdj¨RbKǔv‡e KvR Ki‡Q|

weÁvb, wPwKrmvq Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

c~‡e© †Kv‡bv GKRb weÁvbx †Kv‡bv M‡elYv Kvh© Amgvß †i‡L gviv †M‡j A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Pvwj‡q †h‡ň bv cvi‡j, M‡elYv KvRwU †mLv‡bB mgvß n‡q †hň †Kv‡bv djvdj Qvov| nq‡ňv cieňx©‡ň Avevi †Kv‡bv weÁvbx H GKB wel‡qi

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks Dci M‡elYv ïiæ Ki‡Qb| A_ev GgbI †`Lv hvq †h, GKB wel‡qi Dci c„w_exi wewǔbœ †`‡k GK‡hv‡M c¨vivjvjǔv‡e M‡elYv K‡i, KviY weÁvbxiv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡ň cvi‡ňb bv ev my‡hvM wQj bv| GKRb Ab¨R‡bi M‡elYvi AMÖMwň ev djvdj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ň cvi‡ňb bv| weÁv‡bi µgweKv‡ki avivq ň_¨ cÖhyw³i •ecøweK cwieň©b m~wPň n‡q‡Q| weÁv‡bi wewǔbœ M‡elYv Kg© bňzbǔv‡e cÖKvwkň

nIqvi d‡j †Uwj‡dvb, †Uwjwǔkb, B-†gBj, B›Uvi‡bU Bň¨vw`i gva¨‡g mviv we‡k¦ Qwo‡q co‡Q Ges

M‡elYv Kg© Dǎ‡ivǎi mg„w× jvǔ Ki‡Q| d‡j weÁvb mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q Pj‡Q i‡K‡Ui Mwň‡ň| weÁvb wbň¨-bňzb m¤¢vebv wb‡q Avgv‡`i Øv‡i nvwRi n‡”Q| wPwKrmv †ø‡ǔ ň_¨ cÖhyw³i e¨vcK e¨env‡ii d‡j gvby‡li Mo Avqy e„w× cv‡”Q| AvR N‡i e‡m ň_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y wPwKsmv †mev cvIqv m¤¢e n‡”Q| bňzb bňzb Jl‡ai D™¢veb Ges †ivM wbivg‡qi me©‡kl c×wň AvR mevB †R‡b hv‡”Qb|

†ivMxiv N‡i e‡m we‡k¦i wewǔbœ †`‡ki Dbœň nvmcvňv‡ji Wv³vi‡`i mv‡_ wǔwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g mivmwi K_v ej‡ň cv‡ib Ges civgk© wb‡ň cv‡ib| wewǔbœ c¨v_jwRK cixøvi wi‡cvU© B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ga¨‡g `~i †`‡k _vKv Wv³vi‡K †`Lv‡ň cv‡ib| eň©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡kI †Uwj‡gwWwmb c×wň cÖPwjň i‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j `yM©g GjvKv †_‡KI RbMY †Uwj‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g wPwKrmv †mev †c‡q _v‡K| wkí-mvwn‡Z¨ Ges we‡bv`‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³:

mviv we‡k¦i wUwǔ P¨v‡b‡ji Abyôvb AvR N‡i e‡m Dc‡ǔvM Kiv hvq| wewǔbœ ai‡bi w_ywW †Mg Ges Gwb‡g‡UW wewǔbœ wm‡bgv we‡bv`‡b bňzb gvǔv †hvM K‡i‡Q| wWwRUvj cÖ‡RKk‡bi d‡j `k©K wm‡bgv, bvUK I HwňnvwmK eY©bv Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Dc‡ǔvM Ki‡ň cv‡i| ň_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y AvR wkí mvwn‡ň¨i e¨vcK cÖmvi n‡”Q Ges cÖKvkbvi †ø‡ǔ hy³ n‡”Q Dǎ‡ivǎi mg„w×| mvwnň¨ I wkí K‡g©i djvdj AvR gyn~‡ň© mviv we‡k¦ Qwo‡q co‡Q Ges gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y †mme Kg© Ae`vb †i‡L hv‡”Q| we‡bv`‡bi K_v‡ňv ejvB evûj¨| ň_¨ cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y mviv wek¦ AvR Avgv‡`i nv‡ňi gy‡Vvq| d‡j ň_¨ cÖhyw³ Avgv‡`i we‡bv`‡bi mKj Pvwn`v‡K c~iY K‡i hv‡”Q|

K…wl‡B‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM

Avgv‡`i †`k K…wl cÖavb †`k| G‡`‡ki 80% †jvK K…wl KvR K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| K…wl wk‡íi Dbœwňi mv‡_ mviv †`‡ki Dbœwň wbǔ©i K‡i| Avi

GB K…wli Dbœq‡b ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi D‡jøL Kivi g‡ňv| AvR-Kvj Rwgi gvwU cixøv- wbixøv K‡i gvwUi wewǔbœ Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯ wňi Dci wǔwǎ K‡i wba©viY Ki‡ň cv‡ib, †Kv‡bv gvwU‡ň

†Kv‡bv dmj ǔv‡jv Drcv`b n‡e| ň_¨ cÖhyw³i e‡`․j‡ň wewǔbœ dm‡ji Drcv`b †K․kj K…lKiv Rvb‡ň cv‡i, c~‡e© ňviv ïay AwǔÁňvi Av‡jv‡K Pvlvev` Kiň| †ivM evjvBi AvµgY †_‡K iøvi

†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †c‡q _v‡K|

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks AbjvBb K…wl evRviI Pvjy n‡q‡Q-hvi d‡j K…lKiv mn‡R †ewk `v‡g K…wlcY¨ evRviRvň Ki‡ň cv‡i| K…lKiv MÖv‡g †_‡KB gyn~‡ň©i g‡a¨ eo eo kn‡ii cvBKvwi evRv‡ii `vg Rvb‡ň cv‡i| d‡j Kg `v‡g dmj wewµ K‡i †jvKmvb w`‡ň nq bv| weÁvb I cÖhyw³i wewǔbœ M‡elYv I cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j

†R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi gva¨‡g Dbœň, AwaK djbkxj, cÖwňK~j cwi‡e‡k mnbkxj Lv`¨km¨ Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Q hv K…wl‡ň •ecøweK cwieň©b G‡b‡Q|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wKQz †bwZevPK cÖfve jB¨ Kiv hvq:

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖmv‡ii d‡j mn‡R gvbyl cÖňviYv Ki‡ň I wg_¨v ejv †e‡o †M‡Q| †hgb- Avgiv cÖvqB †gvevBj †dv‡b wb‡Ri Ae¯ vb m¤ú‡K© wg_¨v ej‡ň †`wL| ňvQvov B›Uvi‡b‡U A‡bK wg_¨v cÖ‡jvǔb †`wL‡q Rbmvavi‡Yi mv‡_ cÖňviYv K‡i| ňvQvov A‡b‡K wb‡Ri cwiPq †Mvcb †i‡L wewǔbœ ai‡bi Kvh©Kjvc Pvwj‡q _v‡K| c‡b©vMÖvwdi Kivj _vevq †`‡ki hye mgvR‡K aqs‡mi w`‡K

†V‡j w`‡”Q, Gi d‡j GjvKvi hye mgv‡Ri •bwňK öjb N‡U| ňvQvov n¨vwKs‡qi gva¨‡g A‡b¨i

¸iæň¡c~Y© ň_¨ Pzwi Kivi cÖeYňv †`Lv hvq| ňvQvov wkï-wK‡kviiv wewǔbœ cÖKvi †Mgm-G Avm³ n‡q cÖPzi mgq bó K‡i| G‡ň ňv‡`i †jLvcovi øwň nq| Gw`‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i gvǔvwňwi³ KvR Kivi d‡j wewǔbœ kvixwiK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|

ICT and Economical Development

†Kv‡bv †`‡ki A_©‣bwňK Dbœq‡b ň_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Lye ¸iæň¡c~Y© ǔ~wgKv cvjb K‡i| AvBwmwU Ges A_©‣bwňK Dbœqb ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ Mǔxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| AvBwmwU evRviRvňKiY, M‡elYv Ges ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ Mǔxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| AvBwmwU c„w_exi wewǔbœ †`‡k bňzb bňzb evRvi aivi Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi Rb¨ †hgb-Av‡gwiKvi GKwU †Kv¤úvwb I‡qe mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g ňv‡`i c‡Y¨i mKj ň_¨ wjwce× Ki‡ň cv‡i| c„w_exi wewǔbœ cÖv‡šÍ Ae¯ vbiň AvMÖnxiv H †cÖvWv± m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ň cv‡i, Qwe †`L‡ň, †Kv‡bv wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j ňv Ki‡ň cv‡i Ges Ggb wK we‡k¦i wewǔbœ ¯ v‡b e‡m cY¨ AW©vi †`qv hvq| Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi mKj wKQzB m¤¢e ň_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j| AvBwmwU †Kv‡bv †`‡ki A_©‣bwňK Dbœq‡b myweav cÖ`vbKvixi ǔ~wgKv cvjb K‡i| wkøv n‡”Q †h‡Kv‡bv †`‡k Dbœq‡bi eo nvwňqvi| ňvB A‡bK †`k G‡ø‡ǔ wewb‡qvM Ki‡Q| AvBwmwU Ges A_©‣bwňK Dbœq‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU †hvMm~ǔ i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Qvǔ‡`i AvK…ó Kiv hvq|

evsjv‡`k K…wlcÖavb †`k| G‡`‡ki kňKiv Avwk Rb †jvK K…wl KvR K‡i _v‡K| myňivs K…wl‡ø‡ǔi Dbœqb n‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡k A_©‣bwňK Dbœq‡b A‡bK AMÖMwň mvwaň n‡e| Avgv‡`i †`‡k K…wl Ges K…l‡Ki Dbœq‡b ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wewǔbœǔv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`k miKvi ň_¨ I

www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡K `wi`y we‡gvP‡bi nvwňqvi wn‡m‡e †`L‡Q| AvBwmwUi gva¨‡g K…wl Ges MÖvgxY A_©bxwňi Dbœqb m¤¢e| wewǔbœ ai‡bi †Uwjwǔkb I †iwWI Abyôvb (†hgb-ü`‡q gvwU I gvbyl, K…wl w`evwbwk, gvwUi Uv‡b Bň¨vw`) K…lK‡`i K…wl dmj, Pvl c×wň, evRviRvňKiY cÖǔ„wň m¤ú‡K© Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i Ges K…lK‡`i wewǔbœ cÖ‡kœi Dǎi w`‡q _v‡K| BDwbqb ň_¨‡mev †K›`y, hvi g‡a¨ MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôx ňv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq ň_¨‡mev †c‡q _v‡K, K…wlcY¨ msµvšÍ I‡qe mvBU †_‡K K…lKiv ňv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †c‡ň cv‡i Ges dm‡ji †ivM cÖwň‡iva c×wň, Dbœň Rvň wbe©vPb Bň¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ň_¨ jvǔ Ki‡ň cv‡ib| Gi d‡j K…lK AwaK dmj Drcbœ Ki‡ň cv‡i Gi d‡j K…wl Ges K…lK A_©‣bwňKǔv‡e jvǔevb nq|

AvRKvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv‡jwLi KvR Ges cÖwkø‡Yi Rb¨ ň_¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wewǔbœ †K›`y M‡o D‡V‡Q Ges d‡j †eKvi‡`i Kg©ms¯ vb Ges Ab¨‡`i `ø Kgx© wn‡m‡e M‡o

†ňvjv m¤¢e| wb‡R Avň¥Kg©ms¯ vb K‡i A_©‣bwňKǔv‡e jvǔevb nb| A`ø‡`i cÖwkø‡Yi gva¨‡g `ø Kgx© •ňwii d‡j Avgiv we‡`‡k AvBwU‡ň `ø Rbkw³ ißvwb K‡i •e‡`wkK gy`yv AR©b Ki‡ň cvwi hv A_©‣bwňKǔv‡e †`k‡K mg„× K‡i| eň©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡k-we‡`‡k Kg© ms¯ v‡bi Rb¨ †iwR‡÷yk‡bi KvR BDwbqb ň_¨‡mev †K›`y †_‡K Kiv hvq| Gi d‡j MÖv‡gi

†jvKRb we‡kl K‡i Aa©wkwøň/ Awkwøň †jvKRb ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †mev wb‡q we‡`‡k Kg©ms¯ v‡bi cÖwµqv Ki‡ň cv‡i Ges we‡`‡k wM‡q A_© DcvR©b K‡i †`‡ki A_©bxwň‡ň ¸iæň¡c~Y© ǔ~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

ň_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g AvRKvj B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wewǔbœ cÖKvi BDwUwjwU wej GgbwK AvqKi wiUvb© `vwLj Ges K‡ii UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv hvq| GB c×wň Aň¨šÍ mnR weavq RbmvaviY AvqKi w`‡ň Drmvnx nq Ges Gi d‡j cÖPzi ivR¯^ Av`vq nq Rvňxq A_©bxwň‡ň ¸iæň¡c~Y© ǔ~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

†PK eB‡qi cwie‡ň© GgAvBwm Avi (MICR) †PK e¨envi K‡i| Gi d‡j wbKvk N‡ii KvR Awň Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ n‡q _v‡K| ňvQvovI we‡`k †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡bvi †ø‡ǔI c~‡e©i g¨vbyqvj c×wňi cwie‡ň© B‡jKUywb· dvÛ UyvÝdvi c×wň‡ň UvKv cvVv‡bv nq| d‡j dvÛ ¯ vbvšÍi Awň `yæň nq hv Avgv‡`i A_©bxwň Dbœwň ň¡ivwš^ň K‡i|

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বিসিএস এবং ইন্টারমিডিয়েড দ্বিতীয় পারট

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwBZ

1.1.10 we‡bv`b I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

1.2 fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU (Virtual Reality)

1.2.1 cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi cÖfve

fvP©yqvj †ivewU· mvR©vwi:

e¨emvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

cÖ‡K․kj wefv‡M fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

†Ljvayjvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

wgwWqvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

•`bw›`b mvnvh¨:

†R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi d‡j Avgiv wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e DcKvi †c‡q _vwK-

e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

wkBv‡B‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

Awdm-Av`vj‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

weÁvb, wPwKrmvq Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

K…wl‡B‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wKQz †bwZevPK cÖfve jB¨ Kiv hvq:

1.6 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Ges A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb

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Wikipedia

বিসিএস এবং ইন্টারমিডিয়েড দ্বিতীয় পারট

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwBZ

1.1.10 we‡bv`b I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM

1.2 fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU (Virtual Reality)

1.2.1 cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi cÖfve

fvP©yqvj †ivewU· mvR©vwi:

e¨emvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

cÖ‡K․kj wefv‡M fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

†Ljvayjvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

wgwWqvq fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU:

•`bw›`b mvnvh¨:

†R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi d‡j Avgiv wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e DcKvi †c‡q _vwK-

e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

wkBv‡B‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

Awdm-Av`vj‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

weÁvb, wPwKrmvq Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM:

K…wl‡B‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i d‡j Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wKQz †bwZevPK cÖfve jB¨ Kiv hvq:

1.6 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Ges A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb

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